AUTUMNAL FOLIAGE 



is nearly uniform. It begins with a general em- 

 purpling of the whole mass of foliage nearly at the 

 same time. There is an invariable succession of 

 tints: First, the dark purpHsh bronze, then a 

 chocolate-brown, and lastly a reddish yellow or 

 simply a dull yellow, and then the leaves are ready 

 to drop. The gradation of autumn tints are from 

 darker to Hghter hues. — Young trees usually color 

 first, and their leaves are frequently a deeper 

 purple than those of other trees. 



Blue Ash: Purple and brown to yellow. 

 Red Ash: Rusty brown fading into yellow. 



Beech, Fagus. — Clear golden yellow, becoming brown 

 on young trees, and often clinging to the branches 

 all winter. 



Birches, Betula. — All the Birches turn yellow. — Pale 

 dull yellow. 



Black Haw, Viburtium. — Leaves vary from scarlet to 

 vinous red. 



Black Walnut and Butternut, Juglans. — In autumn 

 the leaves turn bright yellow and fall early. 



Chestnut, Castanea. — Color varies from yellow to 

 russet, often green when other trees have turned. 

 — Bright clear yellow. 



Dogwoods, Cornus. — All the Dogwoods turn a peculiar 

 dark red, combined with yellow, which is a char- 

 acteristic of the genus. 



Elms, Ulnus. — White Elm. — Pure yellow, lemon-yellow, 

 brownish yellow. Browned with dying cellulose, 



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