ADELOSIXA. 



[ IG ] 



ADULTERATIONS. 



Colourless, body attenuated ; length 1-18" 

 to 1-86". Very common, aquatic. 



ADELO_SI'NA,D'Orb.—Attirst regarded 

 as a generic form, but now recognized as 

 only the young condition of some of the 

 Milioline Imperforate Foraminifera. 8pi- 

 roloculina, Quinqneloculina, and Triloculina, 

 subgenera of Miliola, commence their 

 growth, after the fashion of their conge- 

 ners also, ■with a relatively large, subglo- 

 bose " primordial chamber ;" and the suc- 

 ceeding growth produces a curved flask- 

 like chamber, closely enwrapping one side 

 of the former. Until the successive lateral 

 overlappings by new chambi'rs buikl up the* 

 nearly o\-al outline of the adult Miliola, the 

 young shell is one-sided, and may be termed 

 " Adelosina." Found in aU seas, and com- 

 mon among Tertiary and Cretaceous fossils 

 at many places. 



BiBL. Carpenter, Introcl. Foram. 75 ; 

 D'C)rbigny, For. foss. Vienne, 301. 



ADE'XOID or Retiform Tissue.— A va- 

 riety of connective tissue, consisting of very 

 fine hbres, forming a network, in the meshes 

 of which are found numerous lymph-cor- 

 puscles. It forms the stroma of the spleen, 

 the lymphatic glands, &c. The fibres are 

 formed by the union of the processes of the 

 original connective-tissue cells. See Glakds 

 of Animals, and Lymphatics. 



ADENO'MATA. These are tumours com- 

 posed of new formations of glandular tissue. 

 They occur in the mamma, mucous mem- 

 branes, the sebaceous and pineal glands, the 



ovaria, and the liver. 



BiBL. Green, Pathol. : Riudfleisch, Path. 

 1878. 



ADENOPLEU'RA,Macalister.— Agenus 

 ofAcarina, fam. Ixodida?. 



A. compressu7n. Found between the 

 scales of the West- African Pangolin {Manis 

 multiscutafa). L. 1-16". 



BiBL. Macalister, Qti. 3Iic. Jn. 1872, xii. 

 p. 287 (figs.) ; Murray, Econ. Entom. p. 200 



(%■)• 



ADIANTUM,Linn.— AgenusofPteridec-B 

 (Polypodiaceous I-'''erns), with one elegant 

 indigenous (fig. 5), and many exotic species. 

 ADULTERATIONS (PI. 2).— A veij 

 important use to which the microscope is 

 applicable, consists in the detection of vari- 

 ous adulterations of articles of food, drugs, 

 and products of the arts and manufactures. 

 _ Tlie first point in a question of adultera- 

 tion is, to determine, by microscopic and 

 micro-chemical analysis, the structure and 

 composition of the pure substance ; and if 



the Table given at the end of the Introduc- 

 tion be kept in view in this proceeding, but 

 few points will probably be overlooked. On 

 then comparing these results with those 

 obtained by a similar mode of proceeding in 

 regard to a suspected substance, there will 

 in general be found little difficulty in deter- 

 it is pure or not. If im- 



mining whether 



Fig. 5. 



Adiantum Capillus Veneris (pinnule with 

 sori covered by indusia) ; 5 diam. 



purities or adulterating ingredients are pre- 

 sent, the next point ^a ill' be to determine 

 their nature. To do this with certainty, 

 would require that the structure and com- 

 position of every kind of substance, either 

 natural or artificial, should be known, which 

 would imply an amount of knowledge pos- 

 sessed by no one. But the question is sim- 

 plified in practice, because substances used 

 in adulteration must be cheap, and either 

 grown or manufactured in quantities at 

 home, or imported from abroad. Hence 

 they are generally common, and it is pretty 

 well known of what they will probably con- 

 sist. In Plate 2 will be found the true 

 structure of the adulterated articles and 

 that of the adulterants. When the adul- 

 teration consists of a chemical substance as 

 it might be called, i. e. a salt, metallic oxide, 

 proximate principal, &c., its nature is readily' 

 determined by chemical analysis; but when 

 it consists of a vegetable tissue, which has 

 been perhaps subject to a partly chemical 

 process of mainifacture, the judgment must 

 be based upon the form of the a arious parts, 

 their size, relative position, and other par- 

 ticulars holding a place in the Table already 

 alluded to. 



