BACTEllIASTRUM. 



[ 88 J 



BACTPJDIUM. 



Bacterium tenno. In infusions, salt and 

 fresh ; in stale infusions of boiled egg ; length 

 1-600". 



B. ruher. Filaments single, or in twos 

 and fours, movement very active. lu a red 

 mucilaginous matter on rice. 



Other species have been described : B. 

 malarice (ague-fungus), Klebs ; B. viride, 

 V. Ticghem ; B. leprusus, in leprosy ; and B. 

 iyph i ahdom iiudU. 



Amylubacter is sometimes referred to 

 BacUlus. 



Reproduction is stated to occur by fission, 

 and by the formation of globular or oval 

 spores developed within the joiuts ; some of 

 these form restiug-spores. In B. anthracis, 

 cultivated in the dog, sporanges with 3 to 6 

 spores are stated to be found. Cohn also 

 describes giobidar or elliptical strongly re- 

 fractive headlets, supposed to be germinated 

 from gonidia. See Schizomycetes. 

 BiBL. That of Bacterium. 

 BACTEEIAS 'TR UM, Shadb.— A doubt- 

 ful genus of marine Diatomaceae, character- 

 ized by the compound cylindrical frustules, 

 forming a filament, and the discoidal valves 

 with radiate marginal slender rays. 



B. curvatum (I'l. 18. tig. IS). Rays en- 

 tire, arched ; B. furccdum, rays straight, 

 forked ; B. nodidosiDu, rays simple, straight, 

 covered with nodules ; B. WidUcJiii, rays 

 simple, straight. 



BiBL. Shadbolt, Qu. Mic. Jn. ii. 14 ; Ra- 

 benhorst, Fl. Alt/, p. 322 ; Lauder, Mic. Tr. 

 1864, p. 7. 

 BAG TER ID' IUM= Bacillus. 

 BACTE'RIUM, Ehr.— A genus of Schi- 

 zomycetous Fungi. 



These organisms were formerly arranged 

 with the Infusoria; subsequently with the 

 Algne, with which Davaiue, Rabenhorst, 

 Cohn and Cieukowski still associate them, 

 on account of the resemblance of form, the 

 grouping, the mode of multiplicatitjn, and 

 their affinities with the genera Beggiatoa 

 and Leptothrix. 



Char. Cells cylindrical or elliptical, very 

 minute, siugle or in twos during division, 

 rarely four ; motion oscillatory. 



Many species have been described. By 

 repeated subdivision Bacteria are resolved 

 into a Micrococcus-iovm. (CienkoMski). 



B. termo (PI. 7. fig. 17r/, and Pi. 1. fig. 

 20). Colourless ; twice to five times as long 

 as broad, slightly swollen in the middle, 

 iointsoneor two; length 1-1000" - 1-12000"; 

 "breadth 1-12000" - 1-50000". Occurs in 

 animal and vegetable infusions ; often be- 



coming suiTounded with gelatinous matter 

 forming masses — the Zoogkea-form. Fur- 

 nished with a cilium at each end (DaUinger 

 and Brysdale, and Warming). 



This is the first and true cause of ordinary 

 putrefaction. 



B. cafemda (fig. lib). In foetid infusions, 

 and the excretions of typhoid fever. 



B. jmnctum (fig. c). In animal infusions; 

 length 1-5000", breadth 1-10000". 



B. triloculare (fig. lid). Oval, two to 

 five times as long as broad, with from 3 to 

 G joints ; length 1-2000" - 1-5000". 



B. lineoki (fig. lie). Cells straight or 

 slightly cm'ved, larger than B. termo, single 

 or in twos ; movement active. In animal 

 and vegetable infusions, marine and fresh 

 water. Zoogloea-plasma with dark puncta. 

 Turns milk sour. 



Some coloured species have been descri- 

 bed : B. xant/iiu))i, in cows' milk, colouring 

 it yellow ; B. si/nci/anum, in sour milk, 

 rendering it blue ; B. ceruginosum, in pus, 

 rendering it blue; B. brunneum, in brown 

 decomposinginfusions of maize; B. rubescens 

 and sulphuratum appear to be the same as 

 Monas vinosa. 



Many of the Bacteria may be well pre- 

 served by simply drying them upon a 

 slide. 



Numerous other organisms are sometimes 

 included under the term Bacteria, some of 

 them globular. The subject will be treated 

 generally under Schizomycetes. See also 

 CoccoBACTERiA'and Micrococcus. 



BiBL. Ehrenb., Ivfus. ; Dujardin, Inf. ; 

 Sanderson, \2th and IWi Privy Council 

 Repts. ; Cohn, Beitraije, i. and ii. ; Pasteur, 

 Ann. de Chimie. 1862, 60 ; Warming, 77- 

 densk. Medd. Kjiibcnliavn, 1875, 322; 

 Lankester, Qu. Mic. Jn. 1873, 408 ; Mag- 

 nin, Bacteries, 1878; Koch, CoJin's Beit. 

 1877, ii. ; Davaine, Diet. Bncycl, Art. Bac- 

 terie; Archer, Qu. Mic. Jn. 1878, xviii. 

 455 ; Ewart (B. anthracis), Proc. Boy. Soc. 

 1878; DaUinger, Jn. Mic. Soc. 1878, i. 175 

 (figs.); Cienkowski, Mhn. Ac. Petersb.xxv. 

 (Qu. Mic. Jn.), IS7S, xviii. 456; Roberts, 

 Phil. Tr. 1874, 46G ; Waldstein, Qu. Mic. 

 Jn. 1880, XX. 190; Lister, Qu. Mic. Jn. 

 xiii. 380 ; Livon, Jn. Mic. Soc. 1879, ii. 760 

 (Bacteria no poison) ; Dowdeswell (Atmo- 

 spheric), Qu. Mic. Jn. 1878, xviii. 82 ; Klebs, 

 Zeitschrift, 1879; V. Tieghera, Bull. Soc. 

 Bot. Fr. (Jn. Mic. Soc. 1880, i. 89) ; Tyn- 

 dall, l^itrefaction SfC, 1881,' 



BACTRIDTUM, Kunze.— A genus of 

 Torulacei (Coniomycetous Fungi) ; micro- 



