BICELLARIA. 



[ 96 ] 



BIGENERINA. 



BiBL. EhrenlDerg, Ber. d. Berl. Ak. 

 1844-45, and Ayin. N. II. 1848, i. 393 ; Kiit- 

 zing, Sp. A/ff. ; Smith, B)\ Died. ii. 37, 



BICELLA'RIA, De Bl.— A genus of In- 

 fiindibiilate Polyzoa, of the .suborder Chei- 

 lostomata, and family Bicellariidfe. 



B. ciliata ( CcUularia ciliata, Johnst.) (PI. 

 41. figs. 5 a and 5 b), is parasitical upon 

 Algae, Polypi, &c. within low- water mark ; 

 spines about eleven. 



An elegant microscopic object. 



B. Alcleri; spines six. 



BiBL. See BrCELLAEIID^. 



BICELLARIID^ (CeUuIaria, Johnst. 

 in part). — A family of Iiifundibulate Poly- 

 zoa, of the suborder Cheilostomata. 



Distinguished by the erect plant-like 

 polypidom being dichotomously divided into 

 narrow hgulate branches in two or more 

 rows; the absence of whips (vibracula); and 

 the avicularia when present being stalked 

 and jointed. Genera (British) : 



BiceUarin. Cells top-shaped, distinct, 

 armed with spines ; oritice looking upward. 



Bugula. Cells elliptical, closely con- 

 tiguous ; orifice very large ; margin simple, 

 not thickened (avicularia frequently red or 

 blue). 



BiBL. Johnston, Brit. Zooph. ; Busk, 

 Cat. (Brit. Mus.) ; Hincks, Poh/z. 67. 



BICHRO'MATE OF POTASH. See 

 Potash. 



BICOSCE'CA, Clark.— A genus of 

 Flagellate Infusoria. 



Char, Solitary, two flagella, 1 long and 

 1 short; contained in a stalked horny 

 lorica. 



B. lacustris (PI. 63. fig. 10). Pond- water, 

 common. 



B. yracilipes. Stalk long; marine. 



BiBL. Kent, Inf. p. 274. 



BIDBULPH'IA, Gray.— A genus of Dia- 

 tomacese. 



Char. Frustules compressed, quadrilateral, 

 connected with each other by the angles; 

 filaments attached by a stipes ; angles of the 

 frustules equal and produced ; valves covered 

 with depressions (visible by direct light), 

 giving them a cellular appearance ; centre 

 of valves with spines ; marine. 



This genus resembles Isthmia and Amphi- 

 tetras in the general appearance of the frus- 

 tules and valves. But it difi'ers from the 

 former in the angles being alike, and from 

 the latter in the compressed side view of 

 the frustules. Frustules often with rounded 

 transverse elevations, between wliich are 

 costte or shallow vittse. Those in wliich 



the angles are more prolonged and acute, 

 and the markings indistinct, are retained by 

 Kiitzing in the genus OdonteUa, Ag. (Den- 

 ticella, Elir. in part). 



B. pukhella, Ehr. {B. fri-, qvinque-, 

 and sej)fc)iiloculuris, Kiitz.) (PI. 16. fig. 15). 

 Costse 3-7, central one with two or three 

 short spines ; produced angles rounded ; 

 markings coarse ; length 1-4U0 to 1-200". 



B.aurita,Breh.{F\.l9.i}g.9). Markings 

 indistinct ; costte none ; angles horn-like ; 

 spines two or three, central ; length 1 -800". 



B. rhombus, Smith {Zyqoceras rh. 

 Ehr. ?) (PI. 19. fi^. 13, Ehr.'; PI. 50. fig. 

 16, Smith). Markings indistinct ; costte 

 none ; spines near the hoop ; angles horn- 

 like; lejigth 1-60 to 1-260". 



B. Baikyi, Sm. Markings indistinct; 

 costpe none; angles horn-hke; sides of frus- 

 tules with two slight elevations, each with 

 one or two long spines ; length 1-250". 



B. turgida (^Cerataulus turyidus, Ehr.). 

 Markings faint ; costae none ; angles cylin- 

 drical, truncate ; frustules with a row of 

 short and two large submedian spines on 

 each side ; length 1-240". 



B. Beyina. Sides of frustules each with 

 three rounded median elevations ; spines 

 none ; angles rounded, with distinct mark- 

 ings ; length 1-220". 



Several other species, but not British. 



BiBL. Kiitzing, Bacill and Sp. Alq. ; 

 Ehrcnb. Ber. de Berl. Ak. 1843 & 1844; 

 Ralfs, Ann. N. H. 1843, xii. 273 ; Smith, 

 Br. Diat. ii. 47 ; Greville, Mia: Tr. 1864, 

 pp. 9, 85 ; 1865, pp. 6, 19, 49 ; 18n6, pp. 6, 

 81 ; Rabenhorst, Fi Alg. i, p. 310; Pritchard, 

 Infus. p. 847. 



BlFORrNES.— Under this name Turpin, 

 described certain cells occurring in the septa 

 of the air-chani])ers of the leaves of the Ara- 

 ceoe, characterized especially by the presence 

 of a large bundle of raphides. They contain 

 a thick fiuid ; and when they are placed iu 

 water, cndosmose causes them to biu'st and 

 discharge the crystals. See Raphides. 



BiBL. Tm-pin, Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 &€\\ vi. 

 p. 5, pi. 1-5. 



BIGENERl'N.N., D'Orb.— One of the 

 numerous modifications of the Textularian 

 type : instead of continuing to form bilateral 

 alternate (Enallostegian) chambers, it ad- 

 vances in growth with a straight single 

 (Stichostegian) series; and the aperture 

 becomes central, terminal, and rounded, in- 

 stead of being a transverse arch low down 

 on the septal face. If the aperture be 



excentnc. 



we have the Gemmulina of l)'Or- 



