BUSKIA. 



[ 125 ] 



BUXBAUMIA. 



StzntorinA (subfamily). A carapace, at least at one period of liCe ; anus anterior. 

 Body not truncate in front. 



"jiuecal spire borne on a narrow pvoeops Ch(BtoKpira. 



Buccal spire borne on a broad bilobed membranous expansion Freia. 



Body truncated in front by a broad siu-face bearing the buccal cirri on it.s circumference Stenlor. 



BURSARINA (subfamily) proper. No carapace ; anus posterior. 

 Watch-glass organ absent. 



No row of cirri within the buccal fossa. 

 Front not projecting. 



Body truncated in front by an oblique surface with buccal cirri at its circumference Leucophrys. 



Body not truncate in front. 



Anterior bundles of cirri absent from buccal fossa. 

 No cirri on the right side. 



Body linear Spirosfomum. 



Body not linear JPlagiotoma. 



Bordered with cirri on the right side also. 



Body elongate, of uniform breadth Kondjlostoma. 



Body globular, narrowed in front Balantidium. 



Buccal fossa very large, with two anterior bundles of cilia distinct from the buccal cirri Lembadium. 

 Fore part iirojecting beyond the buccal fossa. 



Po3sa oblique Metopus. 



Fossa not oblique Froulonia. 



Buccal fossa funnel-shaped, with a row of strong cirri Bursaria. 



A watch-glass-shaped organ at the side of the mouth Ophryoglena. 



Kent's arrangement differ.? from this, and 

 includes several new genera, 21 in all. 



BiBL. Duj. Infus. ; CI. and Laclim. Inf. 

 p. 211; Kent, /«/. p. 574. 



BUS'KIA, Aider.— A genus of Cteno- 

 stomatous Polyzoa (Bryozoa). 



B. nitens. On Hydroida, &c. 



BiBL. Ilincks, Polyzoa, p. 631. 



BUTTER.— The detection of the adulte- 

 ration of butter is rather a matter of che- 

 mistry than of microscopic investigation. 

 But Michels points out that the spurious 

 butter (oleo-margarine) exhibits numerous 

 free stellate or feathery crystals, often also 

 fragments of animal tissues ; while true 

 butter presents a iraiform appearance of 

 fatty globules, and is perfectly free from 

 any' crystalline forms except those of_ chlo- 

 ride of sodium or common salt. (Michels, 

 Amer. Jn.Micr. 1878; Jn. Mic. Soc. 1878, i. 

 p. 378.) 



BUTTERFLIES. See Lepidopteea. 



BUXBAUMIA'CE/E.— A familyof oper- 

 culated Acrocarpous Mosses, of very dwarf 

 stemless habit, arising from a minute tuft 

 of radical filaments (figs. 84, 86, &c.). The 

 leaves are small and flat, composed of few 

 minutish, hexagonal or polygonal paren- 

 chvmatous cells, emptv, destitute of chloro- 

 phyll (fig. 86). The capsule (fig. 87), sealed 

 on an elongated, thick, fleshy and very 

 scabrous stalk, is more oblique than in any 

 other Mosses, very ventricose on one side, 

 obliquely erect oii the other (dorsal) side, 

 cup-shaped at the base, articulated on its 

 stalk, fungoid in general habit, with an 

 obtusely conical straight operculum, and a 



peristome (fig. 93). Inflorescence monoe- 

 cious. Brit, genus : 



BUXBAU'MIA, IlalL— A genus of Bux- 

 baiuuiacefe (Acrocarpous Mosses), repre- 

 sented in Britain by B. apkt/Ua, a plant of 

 remarkable character. The annulus, which 

 persists after the operculum has fallen, re- 

 sembles a third, outer circle of peristomal 

 teeth (fig. 93) ; the real external peristome is 

 closely applied upon the inner, which forms 

 a truncated cone, slightly twisted when dry. 

 When ripe, the wall of the oblique capsule 

 (fig. 88) gives way at one side, falls oft' and 

 exposes the spore-sac (fig. 89) , which bursts 

 to discharge the spores. The columella 

 (fig. 94) is very large ; and the operculum is 

 attached to its summit. The antheridia are 

 oval cellular bodies opening by the separa- 



Fig. 84. 



Buxbaumia aphylla. 



Fig. 85. 



Fig. 86. 



Fig. 84. A male antheridiiferous plant, magnified 40 

 diameters. 



Fig. 8.5. An antheridium burst and discharging sper- 

 matozoids, magnified 100 diameters. 



Figs. Sti, 90, and 91. Ar^'hegoniiferous plant, in differ- 

 ent stages, magnified 40 diameters. 



