CABINET. 



[ 1-^7 ] 



CALTCIUM. 



biilate Polyzoa (Biyozoa), of tlie suborder 

 Cbeilostomata. 



Distinguished by tbe unjointed polypi- 

 dom, the narrow branches, the cells in two 

 or more rows, with vibracula (whips) or 

 sessile avicularia at the back. Genera : 



Caheren. ]iack of branches covered with 

 large vibracula. 



Amastujia. Vibracula absent. Not 

 Britisli. 



BiBL. Busk, {Brit. Mtis.) Catal. of Mar. 

 Poli/zoa, :37 ; Johnston, Bn'f. Zoopli. 



CABINET for holding microscopic ob- 

 jects. See IxTRODiCTiON, p. xxiii. 



C ACTA'CE.E.— Asiugular family of Di- 

 cotyledonous plants, especially remarkable, 

 microscopically, for the peculiar structure 

 of their wood-cells. See Spikal Fibrous 

 Structure, and Wood. 



BiBL. Schleiden, Jnat. der Cadeen, 184 ; 

 Miquel, Ann. d. Sc. Nat. 2 ser. xix. 165. 



CA'DIUM, Bail.— A genus of Rhizopoda, 

 fam. Aetinophryina ?. Animal unknown. 



Cliar. Shell 'siliceous (?), ovoid, with a 

 bent beak, and a circular aperture ; often 

 with a long curved tapering appendage at 

 the base, and with numerous meridian lines, 

 of which about twelve are visible at once. 



C. marinum (PI. 51. fig. 30). Soundings 

 in the sea of Kamtschatka, and the Gulf- 

 stream. 



BiBL. Bailey, SilUmmis J. 1S56, xxii, 

 p. 3, pi. 1. f. 2 ; ' Wallich, M. M. J. i. p. 107, 

 pi. 3. 



CAD 'MIIIM.— Solution of the oxide or 

 carbonate of this metal in sulphuric acid, 

 when evaporated on a slide, yields disks or 

 circular aggregations of minute radiating 

 needles (circular crystals) of the sulphate, 

 whicb exhibit essentially the same pheno- 

 mena under the action of polarized light as 

 those of the oxalurate of ammonia. The 

 disks frequently exhibit irregular undu- 

 lating, somewhat concentric dark bands, 

 indicating parts where no double refraction 

 takes place. 



PI. 39. fig. 10 gives but a very imperfect 

 idea of the appearances presented by these 

 crystals when viewed by polarized light. 



C.EOMA'CEI. See Uredinei and Us- 



TILAGINEI. 



CALA'NUS, Leach, = TEMORA. 



CALCAPJ'NA, D'Orb.— One of the Ro- 

 taline Foramiuifera ; asymmetrically heli- 

 coid, with three or more whorls or cham- 

 bers ; coated with exogenous shell-growth, 

 as granules, spines, and stick-like processes. 

 Shell thick, with the vascular and supple- 



mentary skeleton. Connnon in the Chalk 

 of Mae.-itricht, and in several Tertiary strata ; 

 and living abundantly in the Mediterranean 

 and other warm seas. 



C. Spcngleri (I'l. 24. fig. 27). 



BiBL. Reuss, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wicn, xliv. 

 315, 1861; Carpenter, Foram. 1862, 216, 

 &c. 



CALCIUM, CHLORIDE OF. — This salt 

 may be prepared by adding excess of pre- 

 pared chalk to dilute muriatic acid, boiling 

 and filtermg the solution, and then evapo- 

 rating it to di'yness. The crystals belong 

 to the rhombohedric system, and are de- 

 liquescent. 



An aqueous solution of chloride of cal- 

 cium is of great service in microscopic re- 

 searches, as objects which have been im- 

 mersed in or moistened with it do not be- 

 come dry at ordinary temperatures. Hence, 

 if a drop of the solution be added to an ob- 

 ject covered with thin glass, and excluded 

 from dust, it may be preserved without the 

 use of a cement to enclose it in a cell (see 

 Preservation). Its use in determining 

 the presence of cell-membranes has been 

 already alluded to (Introduction, p. xli, 

 § 4). When employed for this purpose, its 

 action must always be controlled by the 

 action of water, crushing, &c. 



The strength of the solution may be 

 about one part of salt to two of water, or a 

 saturated solution may be used ; it should 

 be kept in one of the test-bottles (Introd. 

 p. xxvii), with a lump of camphor floating 

 on its surface. 



It frequently happens that the solution 

 in which objects have beeu immersed (on a 

 slide) exhibits crystals. These usually con- 

 sist of either the chloride itself, the sulphate 

 or the phosphate of lime, the two latter 

 formed from the alkaline salts derived from 

 the object. 



CALCULI. See Concretions. 



CALEP'TERYX, Linn.— A genus of 

 Neuropterous Insects, belonging to the fa- 

 mily LlBELLITLID^. 



CALIA, W^erneck. — A doubtful genus 

 of Infusoria. 



C/iar. Monads included in jelly (Pando- 

 rin(B) fixed to aquatic plants, not swimming 

 free. Two species. - 



BiBL. Werneck, Ber. de Berl. Ak. 1841, 

 377. 



C ALI'CKTM, Ach.— A genus of Lichena- 

 ceous Lichens, tribe Caliciei. 



Char. Thallus granular, powdery, squa- 

 mulose or evansceut. Apothecia black, sti- 



