CARBOLIC ACID. 



134 ] 



CARrOMITRA. 



Distinguislied by the expanded, leafy, 

 flexible, erect polypidoms ; and the cells 

 being arranged in many rows, on one side 

 only. 



C. impyrea (Flustra carhasea, Johnst.) 

 (PI. 41. tigs. 19, 20). Cells oblong, narrowed 

 and truncate beloAv, convex, unarmed. Deep 

 waters. 



EiEL. Johnston, 7?/-. Zooph. 345 ; Busk, 

 3Iar. Poh/zoa, 50 ; Ilincks, Pohjz. 123. 



CARBOLIC ACID or Phenole.— This 

 substance is largely used as a germicide and 

 antiseptic, and is very valuable m the pre- 

 servation of animal and vegetable structures. 

 The pure crj'stallized acid should be j>ro- 

 cured. See Pbeservation. 



CARBONATE OF LIME. See Lime, 

 Carbonate of. 



CARBO'NIA, Jones. — A genus of small 

 Cypridiform JEntomostraca, found in the 

 Carboniferous strata, and distinguished 

 chiefly by their peculiar muscle-spot. 



BiDL. "T. R. Jones, Geol. May. iii. 218, 

 pi. 9, f. 4-10 5 Jones & Kirby, Ann. N. II. 

 1879, iv. 28. 



CARBONIC ACID.— The presence of 

 this gaseous acid is usually determined by 

 the addition of another acid, as acetic or 

 muriatic, to the object under the microscope; 

 and if colourless and inodorous bubbles 

 escape, it is concluded, and in most cases 

 correctly, that carbonic acid is present. 



It must be borne in mind that if the object 

 be immersed in liqiiid, the gas may arise 

 either from this or the object; for it i.s well 

 known that the escape of a gas from a Hquid 

 charged with it is greatly facilitated by the 

 presence of a solid and especially a pointed 

 body, and that the gas escapes from the 

 liquid at its surface or point ; thus the 

 false appearance is produced of the gas being 

 liberated from the body. Hence the import- 

 ance of washing the object before the addition 

 of the acid. 



When crj'stalline bodies of different forms 

 are present, these must be separated before 

 the addition of the acid; otherwise the bubbles 

 liberated from tliose of one kind, by escaping 

 at the surface of the others, may give rise to 

 the false conclusion that they were derived 

 from the latter. 



Recollection of the fact that carbonic acid 

 is readily absorbed by solution of potash, 

 would allow of the distinction of bubbles 

 of this acid from those of air. 



CARCHE'SIUM, Ehr.— A genus of 

 Infusoria, belonging to the family Yorti- 

 cellina. 



Char. Pedicle branched, spirfilly flexible ; 

 bodies of the animals all alike ( = branched 

 Vorticellce). 



C.pohipinum (PI. 30. figs. 20, 21). Cam- 

 panulate, expanded in front; cuticle smooth; 

 nucleus recurved in a longitudinal plane ; 

 pedimcle not jointed; length of bodies 

 1-580-1-430"; freshw. 



C. spectahilc. Thimble-shaped, not ex- 

 panded ; cuticle finely striated ; nucleus re- 

 curved in a longitudinal plane, with several 

 sinuosities; peduncle not jointed ; freshw., 

 foetid. 



C. EpistijUs. Body very narrow, smooth ; 

 nucleus curved in a transverse plane ; pe- 

 duncle distinctly jointed; freshw., in iusect- 

 larvce. 



BiBL. Ehrenb. Inf. and Bei: d. Bed. Ah. 

 1840, 199 ; Dujardin, Inf. 551; Stein, Infus. 

 48, &c. ; Clap, and Lachm. /?;/. 97; Kent, 

 Infusoria, 690. 



CA'RIS, Latreille. — A doubtful genus of 

 Acarina. 



C. vespertilionts is found upon the bat 

 ( Vespertilio i)ipii^treJh(s)j supposed to be the 

 larva oH Deriiunii/ssus, or Arc/as. 



BiEL. LatreUle, Gen. Crustac. ^-c. i. IGl ; 

 Audouin, Ann. d. Sc. N. Zool. xxv. 412 ; 

 Walckenaer, Ajrieres (Gervais), 227. 



CARMINE.— This beautiful pigment is 

 sometimes used to feed Infusoria and fill 

 their sacculi or gastric spaces (Infusoeia). 



It is also used as a colouring-matter for 

 injections and. for dyeing or stainiag tissues 

 (see Staining). 



CAR'PAIS. See Gamasus. 



CARPENTE'RIA, Gray.— A genus of 

 Foraminifera allied to Globif/rrina, but 

 ceasing at an early age to grow spirally, and 

 then forming expanded tent-like chambers 

 which enclose the first-formed cells ; at- 

 tached by the base to shells or corals, and 

 with a crater-like common aperture at the 

 apex. Siliceous spicules occur in the cells. 



C. halanifurmis. (PI. 51. fig. 28.) 



BiBL. Carpenter, Introd. Furam. 186. 



CARPOGLY'PHUS, Robin, = ^ca?-Ms 

 sp. (p. 5). ^ 



CAR'POGON,the name applied by Sachs 

 to the fruit or sporocarp of his Class Car- 

 posporefe. See Vegetable Kixgdoji. 



GARPOMI'TRA, Klitz.— A genus of 

 Sporochnacea3 (Fucoid Algfe) containing 

 one rare British species, C. Cahrerce, Clem., 

 remarkable for the peculiar mitre-shaped 

 conceptacle containing the spores. 



BiBL. Harvey, Marine Alg. pi. 5 B, 

 Phyc. Brit. pi. 14. 



