SALICORNARIID.E. 



[ 673 ] 



SAND. 



S. farcimifioides. On old shells, &c. from 

 deep water, not uncommon. 



BiBL. Johnston, JBr. Zocph. 355; Busk, 

 Cat. Mar. Polyz., Brit. Mas., 16; Heller, 

 Verhandl. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wieti, svii. 

 1867, 85 ; Hincks, Pohiz. 104. 



SALICORNARI'IDyE. — A family of 

 Infundibulate Cheilostomatous Polvzoa. 



Char. Polvpidom erect, branched, jointed; 

 branches cylindrical, dichotomous, with the 

 cells on all sides. One genus : 



Salicoknaria. 



SALIVA and SALIVARY GLANDS. 

 — These organs, consisting of the parotid, 

 the submaxillaiT, and the sublingual glands, 

 agree essentially in structure with the race- 

 mose mucous glands (Mouth), of which 

 thev may be regarded as aggregations. 



Their 'ducts consist of connective tissue, 

 with numerous very dense networks of elas- 

 tic tissue. "Wharton's duct contains un- 

 striped muscular fibres. 



The salivary corpuscles are noticed at 



page 518. 



SALMON-DISEASE. See Achlya. 



SALPI'NA, Ehr. — A genus of Rotatoria, 

 of the family Euchlanidota. 



Char. Eyes single, cervical ; foot forked ; 

 carapace closed on the ventral surface, and 

 furnished with spines or horns at the ends. 

 Freshwater. 



The carapace resembles a three-sided 

 box with convex sides, flat and closed 

 beneath, and often scabrous. 



S. redunca (PI. 44. fig. 24). Carapace with 

 two curved horns in front upon the ventral 

 surface, smooth, posterior, end with three 

 horns; dorsum cleft, gaping. Length of 

 carapace 1-216 to 1-144". 



Five other species. 



BiBL. Ehr. Inf. 469 ; Pritchard, Infus. 



SALPIN'GIA, Coppin.— A genus of 

 Cheilostomatous Polyzoa, of the family 

 Eucratiidse. 



Char. Erect, branched ; cells elongate, 

 with spines and trumpet-shaped processes ; 

 orifice lateral. One species : 



S. HassallU. On filamentous fuci ; rare. 



BiBL. Coppin, Ann. N. H. 1848, ii. 273. 



SALPINGCE'CA, J. Clark.— A genus of 

 Choano-Flagellate Infusoria. Single, in a 

 fixed sessile or stalked, ovate or flask- 

 shaped carapace. 29 species, marine and 

 freshwater ; attached to Algse, shells, &c. 



<S'. amphoridium (PI. 53. fig. 25). Fresh- 

 water, on Conferva! &c. : length 1-3350". 

 (J. Clark, Mem. Bost. Soc. i. 1668 ; Kent, 

 Jnf. 340.) 



SALTS. See Crystals. 



SAL'VIA, L. — An extensive genus of 

 Flowering plants, of the Nat. Ord. Labiat;©, 

 including common sage, and many species 

 cultivated for the beauty of their flowers. 

 They are interesting to the microscopist 

 both on account of the glandular liairs, 

 containing the essential oils, and the spiral- 

 fibrous structures foimd in the hairs of the 

 pericarp (PL 28. fig. 23) and the hairs of 

 the stigma. 



SALVIN'IA, Mich.— A genus of Mar- 

 sileacese, growing floating on the surface 

 of stagnant water (not British). 



The fructification resembles tliat of 3Iar- 

 silea and Pihdaria, except that the antlie- 

 ridia and sporangia are contained in sepa- 

 rate sacs, and also attached to a sort of 

 central cellular stroma. The pro thallium 

 of Salvinia produces several archegonia. 

 See Marsileace^ and Pilularia. 



SAND, Brain-. — Brain-sand, or the acer- 

 vulus cerebri, is found 

 in the pineal gland and 

 the choroid plexus, 

 sometimes also in the 

 pia mater, the arach- 

 noid membrane, and 

 the walls of the ven- 

 tricles. 



It consists of single, 

 or aggregated and no- 

 dular, rounded, dark 

 bodies,l-2500 to 1-200" 

 in diameter, sometimes 

 also forming club- 

 shaped, cylindrical, or 

 reticular masses. It is 

 principally composed 

 of carbonate and 

 phosphate of lime, and, 

 like other concretions, 



Fig. 623. 



Brain-sand from the 

 pineal gland, in bundles 

 of areolar tissue. 



leaves an organic cast 



Magn. 350 diams. 



of the original form, 

 after the salts have been removed by a di- 

 lute acid. 



BiBL. KoUiker, Mikr. Anat. ii. 



SAND, Sea-. — This often contaiua 

 interesting microscopic objects, a,s Fora- 

 minifera, spicules of sponges, minute shells 

 of the Mollusca or their fragments, portions 

 of the skeleton of the Echinodermata, &c. 



The various bodies may be separated 

 from the washed and dried sand with a 

 mounted bristle. 



The sand or powder which may be 

 separated by pressing or shaking newly 

 imported sponges, and which is sometimes 



2x 



