CLAVID.E. 



[ 18:2 ] 



CLIMACONEIS. 



conditions, but a real new fungoid structure, 

 the Sclerotiimi of DC. and others. When 

 this e>yot is sown in the earth like a seed, 

 it produces a number of little pedicles sur- 

 mounted by thickened heads, repesenting 

 stalked Sph(en(B (PI. 26. fig. 18) ; and on 

 these heads are ultimately found fine points, 

 which indicate the ostioles of little coucep- 

 tacles (fig. 19). The walls of these concep- 

 tacles are lined with asci of elongate clavate 

 form (figs. 20, 21), with linear, slightly 

 clavate paraphyses. These bodies are the 

 Sphceria purpurea of Fries, System. Myc. 



Our space does not admit of fui-ther de- 

 tails ; but it must be noted that very varied 

 opinions have hitherto prevailed as to the 

 nature of Ergot. Smith and E. Quekett, 

 as also Leveille, Phoebus, Mougeot, and 

 Fee, regarded the ergot as a mere diseased 

 form of the seed, associated with a parasitic 

 Fungus {Sphacelia, Lev., Fee ; Eryotcetia, 

 Quekett). 



The sphacelia is often accompanied by a 

 Mucedinous fungus, wliich is certainly not 

 the result of germination of tlie stylospores 

 as might be imagined, but a distinct plant. 



Tulasne describes three species : 



C. purpurea, Tul. (PI. m. figs. 18-22). 

 The ergot of grasses := SpJueria entomur- 

 rhiza, Schum. ; Sphceria (^Cordyceps) pur- 

 purea, Fries ; Kentrosporium mitrotmn, 

 Wallr. ; Sphcerojms funyorum, Guibouvt : 

 Cordyliceps purpurea, Tulasne. On the 

 flowers of Grasses, such as rye, wheat, oats, 

 and numerous pasture grasses. 



C. microcephala, Tul. Kentrosporium 

 mierocephaluin A\ allr. ; Sphceria microcc- 

 phala, AN'allr. ; Sphceria arms, Trog. ; Cordy- 

 ceps purpurea, var. ucus, Desm. On Pliruy- 

 mites communis and Molinia ccerulea. 



C. niyricans, Tul. On species of Scirpus. 



BiBL. Tulasne, Ann. des Sc. Nat. 3 ser. 

 XX. 5-43, pis. 1-4, where all the previous 

 literature is reviewed ; Quekett, Li7in. Tr. 

 1839; Cesati, i?,.^. Zeit. 185o, 74; Currey, 

 Qu. Mic. Jn. 132; Konorden, Bot. Zeit. 

 1858, 97 ; Lindley, Vey. Kinyd. ; IvUlm, 

 Mitt, landw. Inst. Halle, i. 18G3 ; Sachs, 

 Bot. 381. 



CLA'VID.E. — A family of Hydroid 

 Polypes. 



C]iar. Polypes clavifomi or fusiform, with 

 scattered tentaeula. Genera : 



Polypes stalked. 



Stem simple Tubiclava. 



Stem niuoh branched Cordylopkora. 



Polypes sessile. 



Tcntncles few Tiirris. 



Tentacles very numerous ... Clava. 



BiBL. Ilincks, Hi/dr. Zooph. p. 1. 

 CLAYULA'RIA, Grev.— A genus of 

 Diatomacese. 



Chor. Frustules free, linear, with nu- 

 merous transverse pseudo-dissepiments, in- 

 terrupted by a central smooth external 

 plate. Valves with a central inflation, and 

 a longitudinal row of short subcapitate 

 processes. 



C. barhadensis (PI. 51. fig. 33). In Bar- 

 badoes deposit. 



BiBL. Greville, Micr. Trans. 1865, p. 24. 

 CLAVULI'NA, D'Orb. — A modified 

 Vcdvulina, in which the triserial arrange- 

 ment of the chambers (three in one whorl 

 of the spire) has passed into a uniserial or 

 linear row, making altogether a claviform 

 shell. 



The long dimorphous Textularice, having 

 a similar shape, liave been recorded as Cla- 

 vulince ; but the absence of the septal vcdve 

 distinguishes them. 



C. parisie?isis (PI. 23. fig. 51.) is a neat 

 form, with a marked distinction of triserial 

 and uniserial growth. These long dimor- 

 phous Valndince are common in some 

 Tertiary deposits, and in the Indian and 

 Australian seas. 



BiBL. Parker and Jones, Ann. N. H. 

 ser. 3, V. 467-469; Carpenter, For. 147, 

 193. 



CLEISTOCAR'PI, (Closed-fruited, i. e. 

 inoperculate). — An artificial division of the 

 Mosses. 



In this group, the capsule bursts irregu- 

 larly. It contains the families Bruchiacese, 

 Phascacefe, and Ephemerefe. 

 See Mo-ssES. 



CLETO'DES,Brady.— A genus of Cope- 

 poda (Entomostraca). 4 species. In di'edg- 

 ings on the north British coasts. 

 BiBL. Brady, Copepoda {Bay Soc.). 

 CLIMAC AM'MINA, Brady.— An arena- 

 ceous, coarse Textularian Foraminifer, of 

 bigeuerine growth; with labyrinthic struc- 

 ture inside the chambers, and cribriform 

 aperture. Fossil in the Mountain-limestone 

 of P)ritain and Russia ; not rare. 



BiBL. IT. B. Bradv, Monoy.Carb. ForatJi., 

 Pal. Soc. 1876, 67. ' 



CLIMA'CIUM, W. and Mohr.— A genus 

 of Mosses, synonymous with Ilypnum (den- 

 droides). 



BiBL. Wilson, Bryol.Brit. p. 325 ; Berke- 

 ley, Brit. Moss. p. 140. 



CLIMACONEIS, Grun.— A genus of 

 UiatomacefB. 



Char. Frustules bacillar, free (?), with 



