SPOEES. 



[ 725 ] 



SPORES, 



always simple cells with a double or triple 

 coat. 



In the Floridefe, the characters of the 

 structures seem pretty clear ; we find spores 

 (p. 327), TETEASPonES (figs. 248-250), 

 which appear to represent the gouidia of 

 the Lichens, and spermatozoids (see Flori- 

 defe). Among the olive-coloured sea- weeds 

 (Fucoids), the Ffcace^e and Dictyotace j- 

 produce spores and spermatozoids ; but in 

 the majority of the families, only a totally 

 different mode of reproduction is known. 

 The plants produce ovate sacs, commonly 

 called spores, and chambered filaments ; 

 from both are discharged actively moving 

 ciliated cells, corresponding exactly to the 

 Zoospores of the Confervoids. Thm-et re- 

 gards the oosporanges and trichosporanges 

 (fig. 458, p. 501), as he called these sacs and 

 filaments respectively, as merely different 

 forms of one kind of structure. But it 

 seems possible that true spores may be dis- 

 covered, even indeed that the oosporanges 

 may be parent cells sometimes of zoospores 

 and sometimes of spores. 



Fig. 682. 



Fig. 683. 



In the Confervoids we find true spores in 

 very many cases, pro- 

 duced generally after Fig. 681 . 

 some process of ferti- 

 lization or of Conju- 

 gation, in special 

 cells (fig. 668, and 

 PI. 9. figs. IG & 18 ; 

 PI. 10. tigs. 1-5). But 

 the " spores "' thus 

 produced, while they 

 sometimes germinate 

 into new filaments, 

 also sometimes pro- 

 duce numerous bodies 

 of different kinds, 

 connected in some 

 way with reproduc 

 tion ; this is the case 

 in Spirogyra (PI. 9. 

 fig. 23^, perhaps also in Closteeium and 

 other mstances. Besides the spores proper, 

 we have also in this family, Zoospores 

 — the actively moving ciliated bodies which 

 are regarded as gonidia and are fm-ther di- 



Fig. 684. 



Nodularia sjiuinigera. 



Filaments with sporangial 

 cells containing quaternate 

 spores. 



Magn. 200 diams. 



Pellia epiphylla. Preissia commutata. Blasia pusilla. 



Spores of Hepatic® germinating. Magnified 200 diameters. 



vided into macrogonidia and microgonidia 

 (Hydeodictyon), the latter of which 

 may perhaps have the function of sperma- 

 tozoids (see Sph^roplea andVArcHERiA). 

 In the Fungi the greatest confusion exists 

 in.the nomenclature. The Agarics and their 

 congeners produce free naked cells at the tips 



of short filaments, whence they ultimately 

 fall oft, to reproduce the plant ; these are 

 called spores or sporides, or distinctively 

 Basidiospores (figs. 53-55, p. 92). There 

 is no essential difference between them and 

 the spores produced by the Hyphomycetes, 

 either singly or in rows or capitula (Bo- 



