CONNECTIVE TISSUE. [ 207 ] 



COPPER. 



fibres, are brought to view, as in PI. 49. 

 fig. 42. 



The retiform variety consists of a very 

 delicate network of fine fibrils, formed ori- 

 ginally by the union of branched connective- 

 tissue corpuscles. This constitutes the 

 stroma of the spleen, and the lymphatic 

 glands. A i?till finer variety form the Neu- 

 roglia. 



The yellow fibrous tissue occurs in the 

 form of fine or coarser fibres, with dark 

 outlines ; these sometimes run straight, or 

 are wuvy or reticular ; at others they are 

 coiled or form rings around the bundles of 

 the areolar tissue, or running parallel with 

 and between them, sometimes forming per- 

 forated membranes. They are best seen 

 when the tissue has been rendered trans- 

 parent by the addition of acetic acid. 



In the gelatinous or mucous variety, the 

 intercellular substance forms a soft semi- 

 transparent mass, containing rounded spin- 

 dle-shaped or branched cells, often imited 

 by the branches ; it is met with in the lu- 

 vertebrata, as the Medusce, the integument 

 of the MoUusca, &c. 



The truly cellular form, which is also 

 common among the Invertebrata, consists 

 of rour.d or elongate cells, with but little 

 intercellular substance ; it occurs in the 

 Articulata, the Mollusca, and in the Chorda 

 dorsalis. 



Connective tissue consists chemically of 

 gelatine, which may be obtained from it in 

 solution by boiling ; elastic tissue consists 

 of elastine. 



The various complex structures into the 

 composition of which the connective tissue 

 enters, as the mucous membranes, skin, fatty 

 tissue, &c., are noticed vmder their respec- 

 tive heads. Cartilage and Bone are also 

 considered connective-tissue formations. 



Connective tissue is developed from the 

 embryonic corpuscles. These become elon- 

 gated, or fusiform, and branched. They 

 unite with each other, and the ends become 

 split into the component fibrillse of the 

 future tissue. But whether the corpuscles 

 are solid bodies or protoplasts, or true cells, 

 is not at present agreed upon. 



BiBL. KiJlliker, Gciceleleltre ; Mulder- 

 Donders, PJnjs. Chem. ; Todd-Bowman, 

 Pkys. An. ; Drummond, Ed. Mn. Jn. 1852 ; 

 Rollett, Stricl-er's Ilandb. .38 ; Beale, Simple 

 Tissues ; Klein, Hist. ; Gegenbaur, Vergl. 

 An.] Frey, Hist, and the copious Bibl. ; 

 Kirkes-Baker, Phys. ; Rutherford, Histo- 

 lugy ; Waldeyer, Arih. f. mik. An, 1876, 



ii. 170 (71/. M. Jn. xvi. 04) ; Satterthwaite, 

 Mn. M. Jn. 1870, xvi. 101 , 241 ; Flemming, 

 Arch. An. 8f Phys. 187(5, xii. 391. 



CONOCEPH'ALUS, Hill. See Fega- 



TELLA. 



CONOCHI'LUS, Ehr.-A genus of Ro- 

 tatoria, of the family CEcistina. 



Char. Animals aggregated around a cen- 

 tral gelatinous nucleus, and forming a re- 

 volving sphere ; two persistent frontal eye- 

 spots. 



From ten to forty in each sphere. Nu- 

 cleus sometimes green, from the presence 

 of parasitic monads. Four thick conical 

 papillfe arise from the middle of the frontal 

 surface, each having a bristle at its apex. 



C. volvox (PI. 43. figs. 15-17). Cara- 

 pace and body white, gelatinous, and hya- 

 line ; length 1-60", breadth of sphere 1-8". 

 Freshwater. 2 kinds of eggs — male and 

 female. 



BiBE. Ehr. Infus. 393; Davis, 31. 31. 

 Jn. 1876, 1 : Bedwell, Jn. 3Iic. Soc. 1878, 

 i. 170. 



CO'NODONTS.— Minute, slender, coni- 

 cal, curved, brownish bodies, found in a 

 sandy Lower Silurian clay near Petersburg, 

 and supposed by Pander to be minute fish- 

 teeth. Possibij^ they belonged to Cyclo- 

 stome fishes of extinct genera. They occur 

 also in later strata. 



BiBL. Pander, 3Ion. foss. Fische, kc, 

 1856; Murchison, Sihiria, 1859, 375, and 

 1867, 350 ; Hinde, Qu. Geol. Jn. xxxv. 356, 



CONOS'TOMUM, Sw.— A genus of Bar- 

 tramiaceous Mosses. Conostomum horealc, 

 Sw., on Scottish mountains. 



CONULI'NA, D'Orb.— A top-shaped, 

 many-chambered, stichostegian Foramiuifer, 

 having the septal face shghtly convex and 

 multiperforate, is the only recorded sample 

 of this doubtful genus, which is probably 

 related to Lituola. 



Bibl. D'Orb. Foram. Cuba, 1839. 



CONULI'TES, Carter.— A Foraminifer 

 of the Glohiyerinida family, closely allied 

 to, if not the same as, Patellina. 



Bibl. Carter, Ann. N. H. ser. 3, viii. 457 ; 

 Carpenter, Introd. For. 233, 



COPE'PODA. See Entomosteaca, 



COPPER.— Crystals of metallic copper 

 exist inartificial Av.\XTrEiNE. The acetate 

 of copper is noticed under Acetic acid. 



Copper occurs in minute quantities, in 

 the human bile, biliary calculi, and the 

 blood ; and in the blood of some Crustacea : 

 also in the Cephalopoda. 



The ammoniiu'et of copper is prepared by 



