COPPINIA. 



[ 208 ] 



COEALLIUM. 



digesting copper turnings in an open bottle, 

 ■with Liq. Amm. (P. B.) ; it must be used 

 fresh. Its action is well displayed when it 

 is brought into contact with cotton-wool. 



__COPPI'NIA, Hass.— A genus of Coppi- 

 niidfe (Il^droid Zoophytes). 



Char. Cells long, crowded, united by a 

 cellular mass at their bases ; ova developed 

 in the cavities of the cellular mass. 



C arcta. Incrusting the stems of other 

 zoophytes, common ; greenish yellow. 



BiBL. Ilassall, 3/ic. Tr. iii. 160; Hincks, 

 Brit. Zooph. 219. 



CO'P A, Fr. — A tropical genus of Lichens, 

 approaching Coccocarijia. 



1 species : C. pavonia. 



BiBL. Fries, 8yst. Orh. Veg. 300 ; Nyl. 

 Ann. Sc. Nat. 1855, iii. 151. 



CORAL. — A term applied in general to 

 the calcareous polypidom or skeleton of 

 Polypes or Zoophytes, and in particular to 



that of CORALLIUil. 



CORAL'LTNA, Linn.— A genus of Co- 

 rallinacete (Florideous Algse), of stony cha- 

 racter, looking like corals. The common 

 C. officinalis grows everywhere between 

 tide-marks, on rocks, &c. ; and presents a 



Fiff. 140. 



Corallina officinalis. 



Fig. 140. A branch of the frond. Natural size. 



Fig. Ml- Ascctionof the end of a branch terminating 

 in a ceramidinm, containing tctrasiiorcs. Magnified 10 

 diameters. 



branched, mostly pinnate tuft of articulated 

 filaments evenly coated with carbonate of 

 lime. The tctraspores are borne in tufts in 

 ceramidia (tig. 141), usually at the apices 

 of the branches (being the last jomts trans- 

 formed) ; or they occur laterally (tig_. 140), 

 sometimes in pairs and sometimes irregu- 

 larly over the whole frond ; opening by a 

 small terminal pore (tig. 141). 



The structure may be examined in these 

 plants, by keeping them for some time in 

 vinegar or dilute muriatic acid ; which wiU 

 remove the lime, and allow of the substance 

 being sliced in the same way as other Algfe. 



BiBL. Harvey, Mar. Alg^.^\. 13 C ; Phyc. 

 Brit. pi. 222 ;' Decaisne, Ann. Sc. Xat. 

 2 ser. xvii. pi. 17. fig. 1, xviii. p. 119; 

 Solms-Laubach, CoruH.-Alqcn Golf KeapcL 



1881. y J 1 ^ 



COR ALLINAX'E.-E.— A family of Flo- 

 ridete. Rigid, articulated, or crustaceous, 

 mostly calcareous sea- weeds, purple when 

 fresh, fading, on exposure, to milk-white ; 

 composed of closely-packed elongated cells 

 or filaments, in which carbonate of lime is 

 deposited in an organized form. Tetrasjwres 

 tufted, contained in ovate or spherical con- 

 ce/?;'«c/^'s(cerrt>»(V/;'a, Harvey), fiu-uished with 

 a terminal pore. British genera : 



* Frond JiUf or m, articulated (Corallineaj). 



CoraUina. Frond pinnated. Ceramidia 

 terminal, simple. 



Jania. Frond dichotomous. Ceramidia 

 tipped with two horn-like ramuli. 



** Frond crustaceous or foJiaccous, opaque, 

 not articulated (Niilliporte). 



Melohesia. F-ond stony, forming either 

 a crustaceous expansion, or a foliaceous or 

 a shrub-like body. 



Hildchrandtia. Frond cartilaginous, not 

 stony, forming a crustaceous expansion. 



*** Frond plane, hyaline, composed of cells 

 radiating from a centre. Fructijication 

 unknown (Lithocysteae). 



Lithocystis (a minute parasite). 



CORALLINES.— The Corallinacefe, a 

 family of Alga?, were formerly imagined to 

 be of animal nature, and were classed among 

 the Zoophytes. On the other hand, Ellis 

 applied the term Coredlinc more extensively, 

 including under it Polyzoa (Bryozoa), and 

 Sertulariau and similar Zooph-s tes (Polypes); 

 the name is still often vulgarly used in this 

 sense. The term shoidd properly be re- 

 stricted to the family to which the genus 

 Corallina gives the name. 



CORAL'LlUxM, Lam.— A genus of 

 Zoophytes, of the order Actiuozoa. 



The red coral of comijierce is the intei-- 

 nal skeleton of Corallium ruhrum, Lam. 

 {Isis nohilis, Lin.) (PI. 41. fig. 6 c). A por- 

 tion of the diied animal matter is usually 



