INSECTS. 



[ 436 ] 



INSECTS, 



•wten very soft and fragile, they may be kept 

 in spii'it and water. 



Insects are divided into eleven orders, 

 thus •. — 



Ord. 1. Coleoptera (Beetles). Wings four, 

 anterior hard, coriaceous or horny (elytra), 

 covering the posterior, which are mem- 

 branous and transversely folded ; mouth 

 formed for manducation, furnished with 

 mandibles, maxillae, and palpi, both labial 



Fig. 362. 



Cerambyx sedilis. 

 Nat. size. 



Fig. 363. 



and maxillary ; metamorphosis complete 

 (fig. 362). 



Ord. 2. Orthoptera (Grasshoppers, Crickets, 

 &c.). Wings four, the upper coriaceous, 

 veiny, the inferior membranous, longitu- 

 dinally plaited like a fan ; mouth serving 

 for manducation, with strong mandibles ; 

 maxillae furnished with a cylindrical hel- 

 met ; metamorphosis incomplete, 



Ord. 3. Hemiptera (Bugs, &c.). Wings 

 four, all membranous, or the anterior ones 

 coriaceous at the base, and thicker; mouth 

 with a jointed rostrum (labium), en- 

 sheathing setae (mandibles and maxillae) ; 

 palpi none ; metamorphosis with few ex- 

 ceptions incomplete (tig. 363). 



Ord. 4. Neuropi era (Lace-wings, Dragon- 

 flies, &c.). Wings four, membranous, ge- 

 nerally pellucid, reticulated, naked, very 

 often equal ; mouth not suctorial, but 

 mostly made for manducation ; mandibles 

 in some obsolete ; females never furnished 

 with a sting, and but rarely with a 

 borer or exserted oviduct ; metamorpho- 

 sis mostly incomplete, in some complete 

 (fig. 364). 



Ord. 5. Lepidoptera (Butterflies, Moths). 

 Wings four, membranous, covered with 

 coloured scales ; mouth furnished with 

 an involute, spiral tongue, composed of 



Fig. 364, 



BeduTins tuberoulatus. 

 Nat. size. 



Libellula depress*. 

 Nat. size. 



