INSECTS. 



[ 437 ] 



INSECTS, 



the elongiited maxillas ; metamorphosis 

 complete (fig. 365). 



Danais Pleiippe. 

 Nat. size. 



Ord. 6. Hi/menoptera (Bees, Wasps, &c.). 

 Wings four, membranous, posterior ones 

 smaller, and with fewer veins ; maxillae 

 elongate, generally slender, sheathing the 



Tenthredo nassata. 

 Jlagnified 2 diameters. 



labium ; abdomen of the females almost 

 always terminated by an ovipositor or a 

 sting; metamorphosis complete (fig. 366). 



Ord. 7. Diptera (Flies). Wings two, with 

 alulets at the base ; twohalteres; mouth 

 suctorial; labium not furnished with palpi, 

 prolonged into a proboscis or sheath, and 

 enclosing setse variable in number ; maxil- 

 lary palpi two, at the base of the pro- 

 boscis ; metamorphosis complete. 



Ord. 8. Strepsiptera or Rhipiptera. Males 

 with fom- wings ; anterior wings two small 

 moveable corpuscles ; posterior wings 

 large, membranous, in the form of a qua- 



drant of a circle, longitudinally folded like 

 a fan. Females apterous, vermiform, 

 without legs. Metamorphosis complica- 

 ted ; mandibles two, narrow, somewhat 

 curved ; palpi two, biarticulate, far apart, 

 inserted beneath the head (larvte, pupae, 

 and females living parasitically in Hyme- 

 nopterous insects). 

 Ord. 9. Suctoria or Siphonaptera (Fleas). 

 Wingless ; metamorphosis complete ; 

 mouth suctorial ; rostrum composed of two 

 serrated laminae and a thin suctorial seta, 

 included in a jointed two-valved sheath. 

 Ord. 10. Anoplura or Parasitica (Lice, PI. 

 35. figs. 3-8). Wings absent ; not under- 

 going metamorphosis ; parasitic (eyes two, 

 simple, sometimes none). 

 Ord. 11. Thysanura. Wings absent; not 

 undergoing metamorphosis ; not parasitic ; 

 mouth furnished with mandibles and 

 maxillae ; eyes simple, in two groups ; 

 abdomen mostly terminated by setae or a 

 bifid tail. 



BiBL. Newport, Todd's Ci/cl An. and 

 Phys. art. Insects ; Kirby and Spence, Intr. 

 Entom. ; Burmeister, Entom. ; Ne-\vman, 

 Insects ; Siebold, Veryl. Anat. ; Straus- 

 Durckheim, Cons. gen. s. VAnat. d. Anim. 

 articid. ; Westwood, Introd. ; id. Butterflies 

 of Great Britain ; Stephens, Brit. Beetles, 

 and Br. Entom. ; Spry and Shuckard, Br, 

 Coleopt. ; Kirby, Man. Aimm ; Curtis, Br. 

 Entom. ; Panzer, Deutsch. Insekt. ; Walker, 

 Insecta Brit. ; Fabre, Ann. Sc. Nat ser. 4. 

 vii. ; Ganin, Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. 1869 ; 

 Kowalevsky, Mem. VAcad. St. Petersh. xvi. 

 1871 ; Douglas and Scott, Hemip. Heter., 

 Bay Sac. ; Schultze, Q. M. Jn. 1808 ; Lan- 

 dois, Schidtze's Archiv, 1867 ; Lyonet, Ann. 

 &'c. Nat. ser. 2. t. v. ; Ratzeburg, Forst- 

 Insekt. 1844 ; Lacaze-Duthiers, A7m. Sc. 

 Nat. ser. 3. t. xix. ; Gerstaecker, Klass. nnd 

 Ordnung. ; Weismann, Dipter. ; Herold, 

 Schmetterl. ; Metschnikow, Zeit. wiss. Zool. 

 B. xvi. ; Leydig, Hist. ; Gegenbauer, Vergl. 

 Anat. 1878 ; Scudder, Tr. Smith. Inst. ; 

 Hicks, J. Linn. Soc. i. 136; id. Linn. Tr. 

 xxii. 141, xxiii. 189; T. West, Linn. Tr. 

 xxii. 393 ; Hepworth, Q. Mic. Jn. ii. 158 ; 

 Packard, Mem. Acad. {Peabody) Entomol. ; 

 Charpentier, Orthopt. ; Fischer, Orthopt. 

 Europ. ; Wolff, Riechorg. Biene 8fC. 1875 ; 

 Watney, Jn. M. Soc. 18^7, xvii. 213 ; Frey, 

 Lepidopt. Schweiz, 1880 ; Koppen, Injurious 

 Insects, Russia, 1880 ; Brehni, Insect. 1881, 

 1500 figs. ; Newman, Br. Moths and But- 

 te?^. ; Wilson, Larv(S of Br. Lepid., figs. ; 

 Lowne, Phd. Tr. 1878, 577, eyes; Minot, 



