NODOSARIA. 



[ 544 ] 



NOSTOC. 



one. At last a large individual represents 

 the two. Swarm-spores, wliicli become 

 tailed, ciliated, and furnished with the tooth- 

 process, are formed within the conjugated 

 Noctilucse and escape. 



It is phosphorescent, rendering the sea 

 luminous by night ; but under the micro- 

 scope the luminosity does not appear to be 

 uniform, but dependent upon a number of 

 repeated flashes ; it is increased by physical 

 and chemical agents. 



BiBL. Quatrefages, Ann. Se. Nat, 3 &6r. 

 xiv. ; Gosse, Nat. Ramb. ; Ivrohn, IVieg- 

 man'nJs Archiv, 1852; Huxley, Mici\ Jn. 

 1855; Brightwell, Ann. N. H. 1850, vi. 

 305 ; Pring, Fhil. Mag. 1849 ; Cienkowski, 

 Schultzes Archiv, 1871 & 1872 ; Carus, Man. 

 Zool. ; Webb, Qu. Mc. Jn. iii. ; Busch, Qu. 

 Mic. Jn. iii. ; Alhnan, Qu. Mic. Jn. 1872, 

 326; Kent, Inf. 397. 



NOBOSA'lilA, Lamk.— A subgenus of 

 Hyaline J'oraminifera. Shell elongate, 

 straight, rounded, conical or cylindrical, 

 with distinct or close-set chambers, smooth, 

 ridged, or spiued; orifice terminal, mostly 

 produced and round (N. raphanus, PI. 23. fig. 

 29). It passes by curvature into Dentalina 

 &c., by eccentricity of aperture into Mar- 

 ginulina &c., and by compression into Liu' 

 gulina and Frondicularia. 



Found in Carboniferous and Permian 

 rocks ; abundant in the Trias and Lias, and 

 in many strata of later date : living in many 

 seas in rather deep water, 



BrBL. D'Orbigny, For. Foss. Vien. 38; 

 Williamson, Fee. For. 14 ; Morris, Cat. Br. 

 Foss. 37 ; Parker and Jones, A7m. N. H. 3. 

 iii. 478 ; Carpenter, For. 101. 



NODOSARrNA, P. & J. — A genus 

 (strictly a type species) of Hyaline Fora- 

 minifera. Its chief subgroups are Nodosaria 

 and Cristellaria, which are one in essential 

 characters of structm-e and mode of growth: 

 Glandnlina, Lingulina, Dentalina, Rimnlinaj 

 Vaginulina, Margimdina, Flahellina, Fron- 

 dicularia, and others are subsidiary forms. 

 No line of division can be drawn between 

 tliese approximate allies; for the straight, 

 the curved, and the spiral lose themselves 

 in each other — the amount of curvature and 

 of spii-ality, and the greater or less closeness 

 of the chambers and of the whorls being 

 varying characters. The style of ornament, 

 chiefly longitudinal ribbings, passing into 

 spines and tubercles, is the same throughout 

 (see PI. 23. figs. 28 to 39). 



BiBL. Parlfer and .Jones, Ann. N. II. 3. 

 iii. 477 ; Carpenter, Forajn. 159. 



NOUOSINEL'LA, Brady.— One of the 

 Arenaceous Foramiiufera, being a Lituoline 

 isomoi-ph of Nodosaria. Fossil in the Car- 

 boniferous and Permian rocks. (Brady, 

 Monogr. Curb. For., Pal. Soc. 1876.) 



NODULA'RIA =Lsmanca. — Supposed 

 to produce poisonous effects. (Beale, HozPf 

 .^•c. 281.) 



N(EMATE'LIA, Fr.— A genus of Tre- 

 mellini (Hymenomycetous Fungi) distin- 

 guished by the presence of a central nucleus 

 distinguished from the gelatinous surround- 

 ing substance. N. encephala is common in 

 subalpine countries on larch raUs, looking 

 like a small brain, as the name implies. 



BiBL. Fr. Ep. 591; Berk. Outl. 290; 

 Cooke, Handb. 350, 



NOLEL'LA, Gosse. — A genus of Infun- 

 dibulate Ctenostcmatoua Polyzoa, of the 

 family Vesiculariidae. 



Distinguished by the erect, subcylindrical 

 cells, crowded on tubes forming an unde- 

 fined incrustiug mat ; tentacles eighteen, 

 forniiug a bell. One species : 



N. stipitata. 



BiBL. Gosse, Mar. Zool. ii, 21. 



NONIONI'NA, D'Orb.— A subgenus of 

 Hyaline Foraminifera, subordinate to Pohj- 

 stomella. Shell nantiloid, usually sym- 

 metrical ; many chambers, opening with a 

 transverse slit at the base (^N. crassula, PI. 

 24. fig. 18). By septal modifications it passes 

 into Polystomella {P. striato-2nmctata, and 

 P. crispa, PI. 24. figs. 19, 20). 



Nonioniiia is 'not known for certain in 

 strata older than the Chalk and the Tertiaries. 

 It still abounds in shallow seas of temperate 

 latitudes. 



BiBL. D'Orbigny, For. Foss. Vien. 109 ; 

 Parker & Jones, Ann. N. H. 3. v. 102 ; Car- 

 penter, For. 286. 



NORMANDI'NA, Nyl. — A genus of 

 Pyrenodei (Lichenaceous Lichens). 



Char. ThaUus squamose, squamulte thin, 

 rounded ; apothecia black, immersed. N, 

 Icetcvirens, green, common on damp earth. 



BiBL. Leighton, Lich. F'lora, 440. 



NORMANEL'LA, Brady.— A genus of 

 Copepodous Entomostracea. N. dubia, 

 North Sea. (Brady, Copep. ii. 87.) 



NOSTOC, Vaucher.— The typical genus 

 of the Nostochacea), distinguished from the 

 allied genera by the definitely formed hard- 

 ened pellicle or rind enclosing the fronds, 

 which are composed of a gelatinous sub- 

 stance (fig. 527) in which are imbedded 

 numerous more or less beaded filaments 

 (fig. 528). The filaments are composed of 



