participation was the prospect of 

 financial aid and it was not long 

 before all 35 coastal states and 

 territories were participating in the 

 national program. 



MANAGEMENT TOOLS 



SECTION 305. Under Section 305 

 the coastal states were given up 

 to five years to develop compre- 

 hensive coastal management pro- 

 grams which were to include tack- 

 ling all the problems which focus- 

 ed on the coastal zone. This is 

 one of the great strengths of the 

 program but it also has its drawbacks 

 which I will discuss under PROBLEMS. 

 Suffice it to say that estuarine 

 vitality was just one of the many 

 problems that states had to address. 

 Nevertheless, we saw that most 

 states spent some and even consid- 

 erable portions of their grants to 

 do the following. 



ences between upstream and 

 downstream managers. Let 

 me provide you with one 

 such example. Last year in 

 Texas' 305 grant, Task 11 

 contained four sub-tasks 

 addressing freshwater in- 

 flow studies. These funds 

 were used to support the 

 Texas Department of Water 

 Resources to develop a 

 "knowledgeable framework" 

 upon which to base legis- 

 lation and administrative 

 policies. Provided was 

 $114,000 to collect data, 

 develop various models and 

 facilitate coordination. 



Many undertook educational 

 and public relations pro- 

 grams which were deemed nec- 

 essary for not only the 

 survival of their develop- 

 ing programs but for what 

 was to take place under 

 their implementation phase 

 as well. 



o Inventory their resources 

 which included surveying and 

 mapping bays, estuaries, and 

 wetlands . 



o Publish comprehensive bib- 

 liographies and other docu- 

 ments useful to managers, 

 researchers and the public. 



o Undertake research to de- 

 lineate just what the prob- 

 lems associated with estu- 

 aries were. This was useful 

 for instance, in helping de- 

 velop the appropriate coastal 

 zone boundaries, policies for 

 management and institutional 

 linkages. This last aspect 

 is important since in many 

 cases we have the differ- 



Some of you here have taken 

 part in these various endeavors. 

 Total expenditure under Section 

 305 came to approximately $70 mil- 

 lion. It is, of course, impossi- 

 ble to state just how much of that 

 was spent solely on the subject of 

 freshwater inflows and estuaries 

 because so many of the studies 

 which were undertaken were inter- 

 related with other subjects. 



During this time, OCZM did 

 attempt to provide some technical 

 assistance to the states through 

 such sources as the book entitled 

 Coastal Ecosystems which was 

 written by our distinguished chair- 

 man. 



SECTION 306. Section 306, 

 Program Administration, is not an 



97 



