somewhere and OCZM has generally 

 supported the state process in 

 defining their boundary. Some states 

 have included all or almost all of 

 their state as the coastal zone be- 

 cause of the watershed principle and 

 others have included coastal mountain 

 watersheds. Still others have narrow 

 boundaries which stop at the 5 o/oo 

 salinity line of the estuary and riv- 

 ers. Extra efforts are needed to 

 ensure good coordination of govern- 

 mental actions. In order to shore up 

 this potential weakness, some states 

 have developed Memoranda of Under- 

 standing, required consistency of 

 their own state agencies with the 

 coastal policies, and provided fund- 

 ing to other state management 

 agencies to assist in a cooperative 

 mode in addressing the multi-juris- 

 dictional problems. 



cial resources needed to address the 

 issues . 



RESEARCH COORDINATION. Much re- 

 search is being conducted on the 

 health of our estuaries, yet many of 

 the major questions are unanswered 

 and there are still conflicting 

 theories. The academic community, 

 state and the federal governments are 

 expending significant amounts of time 

 and money on this issue. OCZM is 

 contributing as well, but there needs 

 to be some coordination of the 

 resources so that they are utilized 

 to the best advantage. There has 

 to be a better marriage between 

 basic and applied research and be- 

 tween the scientists and the resource 

 managers . 



COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING. Coastal 

 zone management calls for a balance 

 in decisionmaking. This often 

 requires some compromises be made 

 between preservation and development. 

 It is likely that there will be times 

 when the importance of freshwater 

 inflow will get lost in the priori- 

 ties where there are conflicting 

 national/state and local interests. 



COST. While coastal management 

 can currently assist in mitigation 

 and restoration projects, the funding 

 authorization is not projected to be 

 long term. We must learn quickly 

 from past mistakes and avoid the high 

 costs of restoration in the future. 



SECTION 306/308 RELATIONSHIP. 

 Section 308 is the best funding 

 source for restoration and mitigation 

 projects, but states which do not 

 participate under 306 are not 

 eligible for 308 funds. There may be 

 states that choose not to participate 

 but may have key estuaries which may 



CONCLUSION 



The Coastal Zone Management Act 

 was passed because of concerns over 

 estuaries and other coastal re- 

 sources. Financial assistance and 

 management tools are providing in- 

 centives to state and local govern- 

 ments to begin to address problems 

 associated with freshwater inflows 

 or the lack thereof. Special area 

 management planning, enforceable 

 policies, and improved coordination 

 are being brought to bear on the de- 

 cisionmaking process. Mitigation and 

 restoration projects can help al- 

 leviate some of the past problems. 

 While coastal zone management cannot 

 solve all of the inflow problems, 

 especially for some of the larger 

 rivers which transcend the coastal 

 zone boundary, it can be a signifi- 

 cant ally with other governmental 

 entities in making better decisions 

 and providing some support with which 

 to do it. 



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