2 INTRODUCTION. _ 
together, and, by their joint operation, conducing harmoni- 
ously to one great effect. The offices performed by the ap- 
paratus of plants are termed their Functions: the various 
parts of their apparatus are termed Orcans. 
3. In studying any machine, we must make ourselves ac- 
quainted with the structure and relation of the separate 
parts, before we can understand its operation when in action. 
In like manner, in studying Botany, we must, in the first 
place, acquire a knowledge of the StrucTuRE OF THE oR- 
cans or Pants. This is the ground-work of the whole. 
This department of Botany is termed VeceTaBLE ANaTo-~ 
my, or VeceTABLE OrGaNocrapuy: and should include, in 
its fullest extent, the structure, composition, and characters of 
plants. It makes us acquainted with the size, form, struc- 
ture of the whole plant, and of its organs, and the relative 
situation of its different parts; and informs us of what ma- 
terials the whole is composed. 
4, But a plant is a living being, and there are motions 
and changes going on within it during the whole period of 
its existence—there are certain actions performed by its 
__ organs. Knowing the construction of each part, and the 
ee a ion of the parts with each other, we can then enter 
“upon the study of the machine when in action, that is, of the 
uses, or, Funerrons of THE Orcans or Puanrs, the se- 
cond great division of the study of Botany, termed VecErTa- 
pie Puystooey, and including the Functions and Habits 
of plants. It is termed ‘‘ Physiology,” from the Greek 
words gues (Phusis) Life, and Ayes (Logos) a discourse— 2 
the vital functions being the subject of this branch. ee 
5. These two branches embrace all natural knowledge 
relating to vegetables—their structure, functions, and all — : 
ae those relations with the external world which affect their _ 
: _ condition ; and may be included under the term Puyrotocy, _ 
meaning ‘t knowledge concerning plants,” derived from the _ 
‘Bat plants hoe a _ considerable resemblance to anle 
| —_—- Qurey etn a plant, and raitth Logos), a a 
