44 THE STEM. 
united together, and frequently joined to the fructification, 
as in Ferns (Filices). The term frons was formerly applied — 
to express a part of the wood with the leaf upon it, or a twig 
with leaves; and hence Linnzus applied it to thé Ferns, in 
which the fructification is on the back of the leaf. TI 
term is now used only for Cryptogamic plants, as the Lichens 
Algew, &c., or simple plants like Duckweed (Lemna). 
Iv. STIPES. 
136. This term is little used, except for the stem a 
Palms, and of the Mushrooms (Fungi). 
137. The term Rhizoma is most properly applied to 
subterraneous horizontal stems of perennial plants, mo: 
concealed in the earth, and shooting up new leaves — 
one extremity while the other perishes. Traces of the lea 
of preceding seasons may be found on it, and it grows at 
end next to the leaves: Common Solomian’s Seal ( 
laria multiflora). The rhizoma is found only in Mo 
tyledonous plants. . 
sew Wah repeet Steer ks is the ay 
per basis for a classification, stems may be divided into tw 
into which vegetables are divided, Ceiuarand Vs 
G1). And the latter class is subdivided into 
—— 
i CELLULAR STEMS. 
bo. “hasn-aislet sls Scescgebacag cal } 
ble matter, covered by a thin cuticle, 
