114 THE PISTIL. 7 
leaves, growing vertically. To a leaf, in this modified state, 
they have given the name of carpel (carpellum). — oe 
434, They describe. carpel as being formed of a folded — 
leaf, of which the upper surface is turned inwards, the under — 
surface outwards, and the margins are united, thus forming 
a hollow case or ovary. ‘ 
435. The margins produce interiorly one or more buds, 
which are the ovules. The regular mode of production is 8 
vertical row of buds on each margin. : 
436. The gynophore is deemed a modification of the stalk — 
of the leaf or leaves which form the pistil; the style an elon- 
gation of the midrib ; and the stigma the apex of the midrib 
endowed with a secreting property. See end of this Chap- 
ter. ‘ 
437. In many flowers, the styles and stigmas remain sep 
rate, while the ovaries are closely united. Originally, how- 
ever, each carpel has a separate style and stigma. When 
there are several carpels united in one mass, the pistil 5 
termed syncarpous ; when the carpels are more or less sepa 
rate, they are called apocarpous. 
438. The ovary is considered as formed of the lamina oF 
disc of the leaf which became the carpel, and is a hollow 
body, containing the ovules or rudiments of the seeds. Its” 
cavities are called cells. When there is only one cell in the 
ovary, it has been formed of a single carpel or modified leaf ; 
or if by several carpels, by the obliteration of the dissep’ 
ments, asin Poppy. 
_ 439. In the many-celled ovary, each cell is formed of a 
single carpel, and the partitions between the cells are com 
posed of the contiguous sides of the carpels. The partitions 
are called dissepiments. They are vertical, formed of tw? 
layers, and equal in number to the carpels of which the 
ovary is formed. ae sc 
440. The ovary is unilocular, bilocular, &c. according '° 
the number of the cells. ‘ . 
441. Where the margins of the folded leaf or carpel 
unite, there is interiorly a thickening of cellular tissue, for™ 
