124 THE PERICARP. 
mella in the Orange. The columella may be formed from — 
the extension of the peduncle, or by the cohering placenta. 
474. The pericarp consists of three parts; the epicarp, 
a thin membranous outer coating; the endocarp or putamen, 
the inner membrane which lines the cavity containing the 
seed; sarcocarp or mesocarp, a fleshy or pulpy substanee, ly- 
ing between these thin membranes. The fleshy or juicy 
part in Apples, Pears, Peaches, &c. is the sarcocarp. The 
rind or paring in these fruits is the epicarp. In the Apple, 
the endocarp is seen very distinctly lining the cells which 
- contain the seeds, 3 
475. In the nut these three parts are closely united. In — 
the Pea, the pod of which is the pericarp, the sarcocarp is 
thin but evident, and the epicarp and endocarp are also dis- 
tinct. 
476. A pericarp consisting of one cell is called unilocu- 
lar, as the Cherry (Cerasus), the Almond (Amygdalus), 
the Pink (Dianthus.) When there are two cells it is biloct- 
lar, as in Foxglove and the rest of the Scrophularinex. It 
is trilocular, &c. according to the number of the cells. 
_ 477. The cells are separated by partitions called dissep’ 
< ments, which, from their mode of formation, will always be . 
alternate with the stigmas, the latter being the apices of the 
carpels, while the dissepiments are their sides. In them& — 
ture state, the dissepiments may be considered as formed of 
_ two layers of endocarp adhering closely to each other. 
478. In consequence of various accidental occurrences, 
such as the abortion or obliteration of particular parts, 
the irregular growth of others, particularly of the placenta, 
_ the pericarp does not always present the same structure 4 
_ the unimpregnated ovary. A many-celled ovary may yield a 
-_ one-celled pericarp, from abortion or contraction of the dis- 
_ sepiments; and from extension of the placenta or dissepiments, 
a one-celled ovary may be divided into several cavities- 
Examination of the ovary in the early stage, and of marks 
t. In the Oak (Quercus), and other Cupulife 
