_ loped in the bony cupule or involucre, and called nut or 
5 gland. ! 
_ -Exampres.—Oak (Quercus robur, now Q. pedunculata), 
Hazel (Corylus Avellana), Beech (Fagus sylvatica), Spanish 
Chestnut (Castanea vulgaris or Fagus castanea), Hornbeam 
(Carpinus Betulus). Cork is the bark of Quercus suber. 
Quercitron is furnished by the Quercus tinctoria, and 
Kermes dye by the Q. coccifera. 
This family is distinguished by the superior scaly calyx, 
the cupule, and the gland having only 1 or 2 seeds. 
Economica Properties.—The nuts of Castanea vulga- 
ris are used as an article of daily food in the south of Eu- 
rope.__Hooker. The pericarp, deprived of its scaly cupule, . 
contains starch, gluten, and some saccharine matter. The 
Hazel-nut is well known as an article of food; and a 
the nuts of the Oak, are given to swine. j 
Mepicinat Prorertres.—The bark of the Oak, Quercus: 
pedunculata, is well known for its astringent properties, 
depending on the tannin and gallic acid which it — 
Quercus sessiliflora has similar properties. The Gall-n 
{a peculiar morbid growth on the young shoots, caused i 
an insect) is the produce of the Quercus infectoria. It is 
very astringent. The leaves of Q. falcata are astringent. 
Offitinal Plants. 
Quercus robur (Q. pedunculata.) 
Quercus infectoria. | 
There are no poisonous species among the Cupulifere. 
. 
