348 HYPOPETALES. 
ORDER XCVII. 
VIOLARIEZ. 
Cuaracters —Herbs or shrubs with simple leaves, gene- 
rally alternate, accompanied by 2 stipules; calyx of 5 sepals, 
somewhat elongated at the point of attachment ; corolla ir- 
regular, of 5 unequal petals (occasionally regular), convo- 
lute in xstivation ; stamens 5, alternate with the petals, with 
short filaments and 2-celled anthers, with the filaments dilat- 
ed and projecting beyond them; anthers almost cohering 
and closely surrounding the ovary, 2 of the anthers have 
often a gland at the base; ovary 1-celled, with many seeds 
attached to 3 longitudinal parietal placente ; style simple, 
sometimes curved, with a stigma simple, or swelled and hol- 
lowed out into a semicircular depression ; pericarp a 1-cell- 
ed capsule, covered by the calyx, dehiseing by 3 valves bear- 
ing the seeds. 
Exampte.—Pansy Violet (Viola tricolor). 
Meprcinat Prorerties.—The roots of most of the Vio- 
lariew are acrid and nauseous, and are more or less emetic. 
Viola odorata, V. canina, V. tricolor, and V. arvensis, have 
_ Atoubou, are referred by M. Richard to Tonidiwn Ipecacu- 
_ anha. The flowers of Sweet-scented Violet (Ciola odorata) 
have an agreeable perfume, and are used for making a laxa- 
tive syrup, and also as a test for alkalis and acids. Viola 
mina and V. arvensis have been recommended in some cu- — 
