154 MISSOURL BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 
Tradescantia virginiana, spiderwort. 
A preparation from the root used in solution is said to soothe and 
protect irritated mucous membranes and other tissues. 
Trifolium pratense, red clover. 
Trifolium repens, white clover. 
Clover has been used in an ointment for ulcers and cancers, and 
a decoction of the plant is sometimes taken internally. 
Trillinm erectum, wake-robin. 
The rhizomes and rootlets of this plant are supposed to be 
astringent, tonic, and alterative, and were much used by the Indians. 
They have been employed in various hemorrhagic discharges and as 
a ecatapasm to ill-conditioned tumors. 
Triosteum perfoliatum, horse gentian. 
The root is a mild cathartic and sometimes acts as an emetic. 
Verbascum Thapsus, mullein. 
This plant is demulcent, diuretic, and anodyne. It has been used 
in aphonia and asthma, and a decoction of the leaves in diarrhea. 
Verbena hastata, blue vervain. 
The plant has been used as an emetic and a tonic, also as a 
counter-irritant in ivy poisoning. 
Veronica virginica, Culver’s root. 
The rhizome and rootlets when fresh act as a violent emeto- 
eathartic which is sometimes used in disorders of the digestive sys- 
tem, but is too violent to be prescribed with safety. 
Viola tricolor, pansy. 
The fresh plant or its juice has been used as an external applica- 
tion in chronic diseases of the skin. 
II. WOODY PLANTS 
Acer Negundo, box elder. 
The bark is bitter, astringent, and tonic. 
Aesculus glabra, Ohio buckeye. 
The bark is tonic and astringent and has been used successfully 
in fevers as a substitute for quinine. 
Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Virginia creeper. 
The bark and twigs are astringent, tonic, alterative, and expec- 
torant. 
Asimina triloba, pawpaw. 
The juice of the pawpaw has been used as a vermifuge. 
Betula nigra, black birch. 
The bark and leaves in decoction have been considered blood puri- 
fiers and have been employed domestically for rheumatism, gout, 
and affections of the skin. 
