MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 155 
Catalpa bignonioides, Indian bean. 
The bark and seeds are said to act as an emetic, vermifuge, and 
anodyne. A tincture made from the seed and pods has been used 
in bronchitis and asthma. 
Ceanothus americanus, New Jersey tea. 
Both the leaves and roots contain a considerable percentage of 
tannin and have been used as an astringent. 
Cephalanthus occidentalis, button-bush. 
The bark has been employed in intermittent fevers. The inner 
bark of the root is an agreeable bitter and was frequently used as 
a remedy in obstinate coughs. 
Cornus florida, flowering dogwood. 
Cornus alternifolia, dogwood. 
The bark of the dogwood is tonic, astringent, and slightly 
aromatic. It was used in early days in fevers as a substitute for 
quinine, also as a tonic in convalescence, loss of appetite, and in 
debility of the digestive organs. 
Crataegus, local species of hawthorns. 
The fruit has been used in affections of the heart. 
Evonymus atropurpureus, burning bush. 
The bark has been used domestically as an emetic and also 
appears to possess some narcotic properties. The seeds are purga- 
tive and emetic. 
Frazinus americana, white ash. 
The bark is bitter and astringent, and before the introduction of 
quinine was much used in the treatment of intermittent fevers. 
The leaves are purgative, while the seeds are diuretic and used in 
cases of obesity. 
Gleditsia triacanthos, honey locust. 
The sap is saccharine and sometimes used as a tonic, 
Gymnocladus canadensis, Kentucky coffee tree. 
The pod and seeds are emetic and nervine, while the leaves are 
cathartic. 
Hydrangea arborescens, wild hydrangea. 
The roots have been used as a dissolvent of bladder stones, and 
the leaves as a tonic and purgative. 
Juglans cinerea, butternut. 
The inner bark, especially of the root, is used in extract or decoc- 
tion for the treatment of dysentery. It is also a pleasant and mild 
cathartic somewhat of the character of rhubarb. 
Juglans nigra, black walnut. 
The black walnut has an acrid bark which is sometimes used for 
tinctorial purposes. 
Juniperus virginiana, red cedar. 
An oil is made from the red cedar which has been used in domes- 
