72 TISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 
Sawdust, dyed with green-house paint and sifted when dry, 
forms another good substance to represent grass and is ap- 
plied in the same manner as the sand. After the first coat has 
dried, g'ue or shellac may again be painted over the surface 
and another dusting given. This operation is repeated until 
the proper thickness is secured, but sufficient time must be 
allowed between applications for the glue or shellac to dry. 
Winely ground felt may be dyed and applied in the same way. 
Green velvet and blotting paper may also be used to represent 
grass, although the effect is usually too perfect. 
Trees may be made from various materials. Natural 
sponges, dyed green with dyestuffs, are frequently used. It 
would be well to caution against handling these dyes with the 
bare hands. The pieces of sponge may be cut to various shapes 
and fastened to twigs of trees or shrubs with silk-covered mag- 
net wire. This is best accomplished by threading a needle 
with the copper wire and fastening the sponges to the twigs 
by winding and passing the needle through the pieces of 
sponge. Sponges may also be glued on, but the glue becomes 
sticky in damp weather. Cedar trees may be represented by 
the luffa sponge (dish-rag gourd) dyed green. Natural mate- 
rials may also be used, such as evergreens (red cedar), ete. 
The trunks and branches of trees may be made of wire, but 
properly branched twigs give a more natural effect. Flower- 
ing trees may be represented by dipping twigs in glue and then 
rolling them in some loose material, such as confetti, bran, 
chopped moss, etc. 
Shrubs may be made of the natural rubber and luffa 
sponges, or of small twigs dipped in glue and then rolled in 
some dyed material, such as bran. Blooming shrubs may be 
represented by painting the sponges with oil paints or past- 
ing small artificial flower stamens and paper flowers to por- 
tions of the shrubs. Painted cloth and bits of painted saw- 
dust may also represent flowers. Shrubs may be fastened to 
the model with glue, but this sometimes is a tedious process. 
The spring-clip clothes-pins and carpenter’s clamps are useful 
to hold the sponges in place until the glue has dried. When 
a composition base is used and it is known where the shrub- 
bery beds are to be, wire anchorages can be set before the 
mixture is poured, these being so placed that they just pro- 
