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MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 3 
trude far enough above the surface to pass wire or thread 
through them. The principal shrubs can then be sewn im 
place and the smaller ones attached to these. Holes can be 
bored in the composition to hold the trunks of trees, or, if the 
location of the trees can be anticipated, small metal cylinders 
(pencil holders, ete.) can be set before the base mixture is 
poured. The tree trunks are later fastened in place by glu- 
ing, pegging, or cementing with plaster of Paris. Another 
method would be to drive a nail through a small wood base, 
and to sink this base in the mixture with the nail protruding 
sufficiently to hold the trunk of the tree. Burning a hole in 
the trunk with a red-hot nail of the same size as the one in 
the base and then gluing the trunk to the nail in the base 
has been recommended, but there is danger that the trunk 
might split. All of the methods in working out these details 
have their advantages and disadvantages, and the way best 
suited to the individual needs must be selected. 
Hedges may be made of rubber sponges, the finer ones for 
small hedges and the coarser for the larger. These are also 
dyed with green paint or dry powdered paint. They may be 
held in place in the same way as the shrubs. This material 
may be cut before placing in the final location or first set and 
then clipped with sharp scissors. Natural effects may be se- 
eured with clipped evergreens, such as the yew and spruce. The 
cones of the alder, which remain hanging on the trees for 
several years, are well suited for representing dwarf, formal 
evergreens, 
Flowers may be represented by various materials glued in 
place. As previously stated, the effect of flowers may be ob- 
tained by painting spots on the shrubs with bright oil colors. 
- Flowers can be purchased at ten-cent stores, the stamens of 
which are the proper size to fit the scale of the whole model and 
make admirable flowers for beds. They may be pasted in the 
proper place, or wired and stuck in holes bored in the base. 
Cardboard is very useful in work of this kind. The various 
thicknesses may be purchased at art stores or even that taken 
from boxes may be used. Houses, fences, walls, garden furni- 
ture, coldframes, etc., may be cut from it and painted to suit. 
A good stout knife is essential, and this must be kept sharp. 
A steel straight edge must be used, for the knife may slip and 
