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MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 71 
smoke. The holly, as previously noted in the December, 1920, 
number of the BULLETIN, is still withstanding the unfavor- 
able conditions. Many good specimens may be seen in the 
grove, although the soot-covered leaves in most cases are 
deciduous in advance of the normal period. 
Most of the original deciduous trees planted by Henry 
Shaw have succumbed, especially the white birch, hard maple, 
Norway maple, and the oaks, the latter usually dying at the 
top first. The rapidity with which the oaks are dying in Forest 
Park suggests the spreading of the smoke area. Newly planted 
oaks seem to flourish up to the point when the bark begins 
to assume its permanent corky character; then there is 4 
decided stunting of growth. This factor is particularly 
noticeable in the many specimens planted out in the North 
American tract some twenty years ago. In 1920 a test plot 
was set aside for establishing a nut orchard adjacent to the 
old barn, and new varieties of the English, Persian, and 
native walnuts were planted, as well as special varieties of 
pecans. The native walnuts seem to be developing slowly 
but the pecans have mostly died out. The most resistant of 
the trees are the sycamores, ginkgo, bald cypress, osage 
orange, soft maple, varnish tree, Scotch elm, catalpa, Ailan- 
thus, ash, American linden, and buckeye. 
Comparing city-grown shrubs with those out of town, the 
most noticeable difference is the lack of flowers and fruit. 
The amount of dead wood annually removed is also much 
greater from shrubs growing in the city. During the spring 
visitors inquire for the flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) 
and when shown specimens look at them with disgust, re- 
marking upon the wonderful plants in flower in the country. 
The best specimen of dogwood in the Garden was planted 
in the North American tract over twenty years ago. It is 
now about twelve feet high, having a trunk three inches in 
diameter, yet under the most favorable conditions it has 
never produced more than twenty-five flowers and frequently 
none at all appears. An older specimen, undoubtedly planted 
during Mr. Shaw’s lifetime, is located immediately south of 
the floral display house. Formerly it had several basal 
branches but these have died away, leaving one main leader. 
This oceasionally produces a few flower buds in the fall but 
