MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 73 
country. This winter fifty per cent of the native wild 
plants at the Garden were killed, although identical species 
showed no effect of the winter in their native haunts. The 
Chinese paper mulberry and Paulownia trees, some of them 
a foot in diameter, were killed back to the ground. Neither 
of these trees was seriously damaged in the county. The 
common mulberry froze back several feet in the Garden but 
not beyond the smoke area. The flowering buds of both the 
staminate and pistillate ginkgo trees were frozen only in the 
city. 
During the past winter the following shrubs at the Garden 
froze back to the ground: Hibiscus syriacus, Vitex, Deutzia 
scabra, Ingustrum, Kerria, and Buddleia, Those seriously 
damaged included Forsythia, Diervilla, Amorpha, Tamariz, 
and Rhus. In the country the California privet, Kerria, 
Buddleia, and Vitex were the only plants showing the effect 
of the hard freeze. The following perennials have been 
proved hardy under city conditions and do not normally 
freeze out in winter: golden-rod, marguerite, day-lily, native 
penstemon, physostegia, tradescantia, sedum, veronica, iris, 
peony, pansy, achillea, gas-plant, Spiraea Filipendula, 
Poterium obtusum, candytuft, thalictrum, native asters, lily- 
of-the-valley, shooting star, sun-flower, chrysanthemum. 
The greatest damage at the Garden was with the roses, 
almost 75 per cent of the plants in the nursery and permanent 
rose garden being lost. The hybrid teas suffered most 
severely, but the hybrid perpetuals in most cases froze to 
the ground, and the entire collection of climbing roses upon 
the pergola and fronting the Linnean House likewise were 
frozen back. Observation of many gardens in the county 
showed that the roses were not frozen more seriously than 
during an average normal winter, the climbing roses 
especially showing the contrast between county and city con- 
ditions. In certain outlying sections of the city where the 
effect of the smoke is not serious the roses were not touched. 
Both observation and experience seem to indicate that plants 
grown under unfavorable city conditions are weakened to 
an extent that renders them unable to withstand the same 
amount of frost as vegetation in the country. This situation 
is not confined to outdoor plants but greenhouse plants are 
