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MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 103 
from twenty to twenty-five per cent of thymo, still used 
medicinally. 
Patchouli (Pogostemon Heyneanus), a shrub native of 
India, was formerly used much more extensively than now in 
perfumes. Valuable Indian shawls used to be distinguished by 
their odor of patchouli, but this can no longer be considered 
an evidence of their genuineness. At one time it had con- 
siderable vogue in confections belonging to the ‘‘breath- 
killer’” class. 
The common hoarhound (Marrubium vulgare), a perennial 
woolly herb, is now found in most parts of the world, having 
escaped from cultivation. The leaves and flowering tops are 
used in large quantities in the making of confections for 
coughs and colds. 
Hyptis spicigera is an annual native to the warmer parts of 
America and is also widely spread in tropical Africa. The 
seeds, which yield an oil, have occasionally been imported 
to Europe both from the east and west coasts of Africa, but 
the oil has never been of much commercial value. 
Plectranthus madagascariensis, a native of Madagascar, and 
Coleus parviflorus, a native of Java, have both been culti- 
vated as articles of food. 
The Chinese artichoke (Stachys Sieboldivi) has likewise 
been widely grown for its crisp tubers which may be eaten 
either raw or cooked. It was first introduced into France 
from Pekin in the early eighties, but has now become natural- 
ized in the United States, being hardy as far north as central 
New York. 
While perhaps most of the more important members of the 
mint family have been mentioned, there are still a number 
of others which in one way or another have been used by 
man. Several species of Monarda, known as horsemint or wild 
bergamot, have found a place in medicine, and the ‘‘tollsi’’ 
(Ocimum sanctum) is held in great veneration in India, 
where it is extensively cultivated. The roots are made into 
rosaries, which are worn about the necks and arms of the 
Brahmans. The leaves are also used in making a decoction 
which is supposed to be a eure for certain fevers. In Aus- 
tralia, the dried leaves have been used for making ‘‘bush- 
tea.”” 
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