132 State Horticultural Society. 



Cultivate yonr trees as you would a corn crop, only better, and all 

 summer. Plant corn or small fruit or potatoes between the rows, or 

 anything to keep the weeds down, so all kinds of insects and fungus 

 w ill not have a place to breed and thrive. 



The wooden wrapper is a good thing to put around the tree to pro- 

 tect it from the sun, from borers and rabbits. There are many insects 

 to fight : the Round and Flat-headed Borer, Codling Aloth, Gouger, Tree- 

 hopper, Leaf Folder, Woolly Aphis, San Jose scale, and others too num- 

 erous to mention. For the Woolly Aphis,insert carbon-bi-sulphide into 

 the ground, within i 1-2 to 2 feet of the tree, or dig the dirt away from 

 the roots about 2 feet from the tree, and dust powdered tobacco around 

 the roots. For the' other insects and fungus diseases, use arsenical poi- 

 sons and kerosene emulsion ; keep the orchard clear of weeds, and wash 

 the trees with lime mixed with coal oil and lye. 



The Bordeaux spray is made in several different ways, in order 

 partly to suit the plant or insect, but all should have arsenic added. The 

 arsenical poisons are arsenate of soda, arsenate of lead, Paris green and 

 blue vitriol. Kerosene emulsion has been mentioned, but raw kerosene 

 can be used with the spra}^ pump with kerosene attachment. 



In gathering fruit, roll the apple so the stem will stay on it. In sort- 

 ing apples for market, have three grades ; extra fine. No. i and No. 2. 

 No. I must be nice, large, smooth apples and No. 2 must be sound, smooth 

 apples, but not so large. In packing, take the bottom out of the barrel 

 and put two layers in with the stems down, and then fill with the same 

 grade of apples. 



If apples are low on the market, send them to a cold storage build- 

 ing, or make a cellar with double walls and doors ; have it well ventilated, 

 keep it clean, disinfect with whitewash and carbolic acid, and fumigate 

 with sulphur, if necessary. Keep the cellar as near 40 degrees as possi- 

 ble, and have the fruit in tight bins or barrels and boxes. Ship large 

 specked apples to a canning factory or evaporator, or get a cheap plan 

 of an evaporator, and evaporate at home. Use all the rotten and little, 

 knotty apples for vinegar. Clear all the rotten fruit and trash out of the 

 orchard. 



For peaches, the land should be about the same as for apples, only 

 the soil need not be so rich if the subsoil is good and deep. A north 

 hill slope is best, as the buds are not so apt to put forth so early that the 

 frost will kill them. Peaches should be budded in August ; tie with 

 raffia, and leave 10 or 15 days, then cut the string. In the spring cut 

 the tree off just above the bud, and graft those that fail to grow. Use 

 a piece of 2-year-old wood at the bottom of the scion. Strip off the 

 sprouts below the bud when about 3 inches long. 



