136 State Horticultural Society. 



Early in the seventies Dr. Burell of Illinois University began the studv 

 of smaller fungus diseases, and made considerable progress, and- 

 brought several interesting facts to light. About twenty years ago Dr. 

 Farlow began to give all of his time to the study of fungi. 



Then came Arthur, Trelease, Shaw, Earle, Smith and others who did" 

 considerable work on grape-rot, smut, apple-scab, apple-leaf rust, pear 

 blight, etc. In 1885, the Department of Agriculture took up this work. 

 About this time, the Bordeaux mixture was discovered by an ingenious 

 fellow near Bordeaux, France, in trying to duplicate verdigris, a poison 

 to keep grape thieves out. It is a mixture of blue stone and hme. 



In 1887, the Government placed Galloway, of the ^Missouri State- 

 University, at the head of the department on fungi, and he issued an 

 instructive bulletin on the subject. The State Experiment Stations were 

 established in 1887, and they have done considerable work along this hue. 



Science is making rapid strides in solving these problems of fungus 

 diseases, and also the insect question, so people can go into the fruit busi- 

 ness with more certainty of success. Then fruit will cease to be a luxury 

 that only the rich can afford, and the common workman and his children 

 can enjoy fruit of the finest quality. Fruit will be the mortgage lifter of 

 the land, and prosper ty and peace will reign supreme in this section of 

 the great west. 



TEACHING THE ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES AND THE 



WHYS, WHATS AND HOWS OF AGRICULTURE 



IN THE COMMON SCHOOLS. 



(By'G. B. Lamm, Sedaha, AIo.) 



In the beginning of this paper it is best to state that the teacher who 

 tries to teach too many of the hozcs of Agriculture will have some dif- 

 ficulty in reaching satisfactory results. For this reason, that the ho-ws on 

 one farm and under one condition will differ a little from the Jioz^s on 

 another farm and under another condition. Also if a teacher wishes to 

 instruct pupils in the hoz^'S, she wiU have to be supplied with experi- 

 mental grounds, seeds and tools and be well versed in the practical arts 

 of agriculture. Even this is not impossible under many circumstances 

 and in many places. 



But teaching the zchys of agriculture to the boys and girls is far 

 dift'erent. There are no insurmountable difficulties in teaching the whys 



