144 State Horticultural Society. 



an abundance of it. The health-giving properties of the freshly upturned 

 earth are his to enjoy to their full fruition. Not a muscle that develops 

 a strong and healthy body is neglected. Reaching after dead or broken 

 Imibs, or limbs on which the cankerworm is hatching, or after the beau- 

 tiful, well-ripened fruit, develops his reaching muscles. If his trees are 

 large, and he gathers his crop himself, he will necessarily develop his 

 climbing muscles. In running his spray pump, all the muscles of arms, 

 "back and breast are exercised ; and if he digs out the apple tree and 

 peach tree borers himself, he will develop his kneeling muscles in a 

 way not known to the churches since the days of the old fashion camp 

 meeting. 



Education, how'ever, is generally understood to apply to the mind. 

 Does horticulture educate the mind? While mind is one, we may 

 .speak of it as consisting of intellect, the power to know, sensibility, 

 the power to feel, and will, the power to determine. Knowing, feeling, 

 willing, constitute the whole of mind's action. The intellect idealizes, 

 thinks, reasons. It can do nothing else. In other words, we get ideas, 

 think them into thoughts, thus forming judgments, and use our 

 thoughts as premises in s^^llogistic reasoning. 



Our ideas are primary and secondary. The primary ideas are ob- 

 tained through sense perception, conscious perception and intuitive 

 perception, and in each case close and careful observation is necessary. 

 Now, do you know of any occupation that requires closer study, more 

 careful observation, more painstaking methods than the proper care of 

 trees, plants and shrubs? I do not. In my younger days I was a close 

 student of books. In later years I studied more carefully in field, in 

 garden, and in forest; but I have often been surprised bv the close ob- 

 servation and consequent knowledge of the men and women with 

 whom I have associated in this Society, men and women whom I knew 

 had not had the advantages and facilities I had enjoyed. 



Having thus carefull}- observed the facts, obtained our primary 

 ideas, we use them in reasoning, the most common methods of which 

 are reasoning by induction and by deduction. In inductive reasoning 

 we pass from particulars to generals. These particulars are obtained 

 by observation and by experience. If we have made faulty observa- 

 tions, or too few of them, and attempt to draw therefrom our general 

 conclusion, that conclusion will most likely be proved wrong the very 

 next season, and we shall be compelled to retract. So also it may be, 

 should our experiences prove too limited, or had under too many acci- 

 dental circumstances. 



This mode of reasoning requires great caution. It is the one most 

 frequenth' employed b}- us. It makes one modest and careful of his 



