170 State HorticnJfural Society. 



given them is no better than the cultivation: the borers attack a great 

 many which soon grow weak and die ; some replanting is done about 

 the second or third year, which receives little or no attention, and 

 about the foirrth spring from the first planting the whole orchard is 

 sown in clover ; it may or ma}^ not be mowed. Hogs and cattle, in all 

 probability, are turned in to eat the clover and do all the future cultiva- 

 tion and pruning. The shade under the best trees affords an inviting 

 place for the ho^s to root great holes to sleep in during the hot 

 v.eather. The hogs in rooting expose and peel the bark off a great 

 many of the principal tree roots. When fall and winter come these 

 hog beds get full of water which freezes around the exposed roots, and 

 the next spring those trees will show signs of decay, and will soon be 

 dead. 



Thus he struggles along until the orchard is eight, ten or twelve 

 3^ears old. 'Sir. C. has been looking for thousands of barrels of apples 

 every )'ear, but finds nothing but wormy stuff that no one will buy. 

 All the apple buyers advise him to spray his trees, and he would have 

 better fruit, but he won't do it, for "no one but a crank will spray," and 

 he says, "There may be no Codling ]\Ioth next year." But the Cod- 

 ling Moth continues to increase, reinforced by the bud Aphis or small 

 green louse. Canker worm, bud worm, Bombycid caterpillars of vari- 

 ous kinds, Black Rot or Bitter Rot, Apple Scab and scores of other 

 insect pests and fungus diseases, until his' orchard is a veritable hatch- 

 ery for every species of insect and fungus pest, to the almost total 

 destruction of his own fruit and of great injury to his neighbors. He 

 concludes there may be something in spraying, and he goes to one 

 of his neighbors who is crank enough to spray every year, and begs 

 "a one gallon can full of spray solution" to thoroughl.y test the bene- 

 fits of spraying in a ten thousand tree orchard. He empties the can 

 on one tree and declares the apples were as wormy on that tree as on 

 the others, and is now thoroughly convinced that there is no merit in 

 spraying. 



Thus many orchards are growing today, wdthout any care, the 

 owners looking in vain for large returns they have no right to expect, 

 for if an apple tree does not get proper care at the proper time, we have 

 no more right to expect a good crop of sound merchantable fruit, than 

 Ave would have to expect a good crop of corn by planting the seed and 

 giving it no further attention or cultivation. Thus we see by neglect- 

 ing to take proper care of our trees at the proper time, failure is ab- 

 solutely sure. 



I hope this meeting will not adjourn until some action has been 

 taken looking to the control of insect pests through legislative enact- 



