SERGESTIDAE. 263 



guished by the segmentation of tlie second antenna and the great 

 development of the abdomen, show, on the live anterior abdominal 

 segments, the bud-like rudiments of the pleopoda. 



The transition from the Mijsis stages to the adult form takes 

 place through the Mastigopiis stage (Fig. 120 C), which in length 

 of body already approaches the adult Lucifer, but is distinguished 

 from the latter by the absence of the neck-like prolongation of the 

 cephalo-thorax. This stage is marked by the shortness of the 

 flagellum of the first antenna (a), while the flagellate appendage 

 of the second antenna (en) has considerably lengthened. The mouth- 

 parts and the tlioracic limbs have attained their final condition. The 

 mandible has no palp, the first maxilla has lost the exopodite, 

 the latter portion of the second maxilla is transformed into a large, 

 fan-like plate. The first maxillipede is changed into a short, two- 

 jointed appendage ; the second maxillipede (?»/") has, like all the 

 other thoracic limbs, lost its exopodite and has lengthened out and 

 become genicuhite. The third maxillipede and the three anterior 

 })airs of ambulatory limbs form a row of short, simple appendages 

 covered with setae. The fourth pair of ambulatory limbs has 

 entirely disappeared. The first pleopod ('^^j) is uniramose, while 

 the four following pleopoda (3-5) have the usual biramose form. 

 The Nauplius eye and the shell-gland have now disappeared ; on the 

 other hand, the antennal gland ('?/"), which opens on the base of 

 the second antenna, can be recognised as a coiled canal. 



The adult form, as contrasted with the Mantigopus stage, is char- 

 acterised by the lengthening of the flagellum of the first antenna, in 

 the basal joint of which the auditory organ develops, as well as by 

 the neck-like prolongation of the head. The flagellum on the second 

 antenna has also undergone considerable elongation. The sexual 

 ditterentiation now develops, the male being distinguished by 

 accessory structures on the first and second jjairs of pleopoda, 

 by spines on tlic ventral side of the fifth abdominal segment, as 

 well as by certain differences in the caudal fin, while the female 

 has in these respects retained the characters of the larval form. 



The development of Z«c{/c?' just described is, in all essential points, repeated 

 in the metanior})hosis of Scrgcstcs, although the two larvae are somewhat unlike 

 in outward appearance. The Zoaea of Sergestes, which is remarkable for the 

 dorso-ventral flattening of its body and its extraordinarily large, branched, 

 spinous processes, Avas described by Dana under the name of Elaphocm-is, the 

 later stages already being known as Acantliosoma (Glaus, No. 91) and Mastigopus 

 (Leuckaut, Claus, No. 91). Glaus and Willemoes-Suhm simultaneously 

 proved that these forms belonged to the ontogeny of Sergestes, and discovered 



