Meanley (1979) emphasized the importance 

 of cedar as food source and habitat for wintering 

 birds; for example, he observed one Great Dismal 

 stand containing 10,000 pine siskin feeding at once, 

 the largest such gathering ever reported. 



Cooper's hawk {Accipiter cooper!) (an en- 

 dangered species in New Jersey), the red- 

 shouldered hawk {Buteo linelus), and the barred owl 

 (Strixvaria) (listed as threatened in the State) inhabit 

 Pinelands cedar swamps (New Jersey Pinelands 

 Commission [NJPC] 1980). The NJPC estimates 

 that 39 bird species, including 1 1 nesters, currently 

 live in the Pinelands cedar wetlands. The threatened 

 barred owl and the hooded warbler {Wilsonia citrina) 

 (now uncommon to rare in New Jersey) have been 

 recorded as breeding in these swamps (Leek 1984; 

 McCormick 1970). The northern parula {Parula 

 americana), designated as extirpated in New Jersey, 

 may be reestablishing itself as a breeder in the 

 Pinelands cedar swamps (NJPC 1980). The hooded 

 warbler was once abundant in Cape May cedar wet- 

 lands (Stone 1894). The northern raven (Corvus 

 corax) formerly nested in Jersey cedar swamps, but 

 it has not been known to breed in the region since 

 the turn of the century (Bull 1 964). 



Among the 19 bird species found nesting in 

 Rhode Island cedar wetlands (R. Enser, pers. comm.) 

 are 3 species that rarely nest in that state: the north- 

 ern goshawk, winter wren, and white-throated spar- 

 row (Table 9). 



5.3.3 Insects 



The larva of one butterfly reviewed by the 

 USFWS for endangered status feeds exclusively on 

 C. thyoides (Cryan 1985). Hessel's hairstreak 

 (Mitoura hesseli), a member of the Family 

 Lycaenidae which includes blues, coppers and 

 hairstreaks, is an emerald-green butterfly which has 

 been found in cedar swamps of Long Island, New 

 York (Cryan 1985), Connecticut (Maier 1986), Del- 

 marva (Dill et al., unpubl.), the Great Dismal Swamp, 

 Virginia and North Carolina (Beck and Garnett 1983) 

 and Dare County, North Carolina (see Section 7.4). 

 Maier (in prep, with literature review) reported a Con- 

 necticut sighting for the federally endangered 

 banded bog skimmer dragonfly {Williamsonia 

 lintneri) (USFWS 1984b), whose few extant popula- 

 tions are in or near Atlantic white cedar swamps in 

 New Jersey, New York, Rhode island, Mas- 

 sachusetts, and New Hampshire. 



Table 9. Birds breeding in Rhode Island wetlands. 

 Data from R. Enser (pers. comm.). 



wood duck 

 osprey 



sharp-shinned hawk 

 cooper's hawk 

 northern goshawk^ 

 red-shouldered hawk 

 barred owl 

 saw-whet owl 

 downy woodpecker 

 hairy woodpecker 

 northern flicker 

 american crow 

 black-capped chickadee 

 red-breasted nuthatch 

 winter wren^ 

 solitary vireo 



northern parula (very rare) 

 Canada warbler 

 white-throated sparrow^ 



Birds that rarely nest in Rhode Island. 



R 3 4 Other Fauna 



Information on animals other than birds in 

 Atlantic white cedar wetlands is scant and is general- 

 ly not quantitative beyond simple and incomplete 

 census data. Mammals, reptiles, and amphibians 

 are listed phylogenetically in Appendix B with both 

 common and scientific names. 



Rhode Island . In addition to the eight mam- 

 malian and seven herptile species that have been 

 identified to date as occurring in Rhode Island cedar 

 wetlands, it is suspected that the wood turtle and the 

 southern bog lemming (rare in Rhode Island) would 

 be found on persistent investigation (R. Enser, pers. 

 comm.). 



New Jersey Pinelands . Nineteen species of 

 mammals are reported to be currently associated 

 with cedar swamps in the Pine Barrens. The bobcat, 

 black bear, and beaver have been extirpated from the 

 region; beaver has been reintroduced there and may 

 now be common in some parts of the Barrens. Fif- 

 teen species of fishes are considered characteristic 

 of acid Pinelands streams. The ironcolor shiner is 

 commonly seen in small channels in Atlantic white 

 cedar swamps (NJPC 1980). 



The New Jersey Pinelands Commission 

 (1 980) selected fourteen herptile species found in the 



44 



