tember, to approximate timing of natural light- 

 ning strikes that follow the breeding season; 



(4) start burns with a single ignition spot to pre- 

 vent entrapment of birds in junction zones; 



(5) to promote optimum population size, bum 

 15% to 20% of the habitat each year, using small, 

 evenly distributed fires in the oldest roughs; and 



(6) the habitat of small colonies should not be 

 burned, but the burning of limited adjacent areas 

 could prove beneficial by expanding the habitat. 



Critical Habitat has been designated to 

 include 'areas of land, water, and airspace in the 

 Taylor Slough vicinity of Collier, Dade, and Mon- 

 roe Counties' (42 FR 49685, 11 August 1977; 42 

 FR 47840, 22 September 1977). Rulemaking in- 

 cludes areas both within and outside Everglades 

 National Park. 



No recovery team has been appointed. 



AUTHORITIES 



Sonny Bass 

 Research Biologist 

 Everglades National Park 

 P.O. Box 279 

 Homestead, FL 33030 



J. A. Kushlan 

 Research Biologist 

 Everglades National Park 

 P.O. Box 279 

 Homestead, FL 33030 



J.C.Ogden 

 Research Department 

 National Audubon Society 

 115 Indian Mount Trail 

 Tavernier, FL 33070 



W. B. Robertson, Jr. 

 Research Biologist 

 Everglades National Park 

 P.O. Box 279 

 Homestead, FL 33030 



L. A. Stimson 



4339 S.W. 9th Terrace 



Miami, FL 33134 



H. W. Werner 



Research Management Specialist 



Carlsbad Caverns and Guadalupe Mountains 



National Parks 

 3225 National Park Highway 

 Carlsbad, NM 88220 



PREPARER'S COMMENTS 



Previouslv known as Ammospiza mirabilis 

 (Howell 1932). 



PREPARER'S COMMENTS 



Previously known as Ammospiza mirabilis 

 (Howell 1932; Stimson 1954, 1968; American 

 Ornithologist's Union 1957), the Cape Sable spar- 

 row was considered the last avian species identi- 

 fied in continental United States (Stimson 1968; 

 Werner 1975, 1976). It has recently been designa- 

 ted a subspecies of A. maritima (Eisenmann 

 1973). Morphologically and behaviorally similar 

 to other subspecies of seaside sparrows (Griscom 

 1944, Stimson 1968), it is unique in its geographi- 

 cal isolation and confinement to interior marshes 

 (Werner 1975, 1976, 1979). 



LITERATURE CITED/SELECTED 

 REFERENCES 



American Ornithologist's Union. 1957. Check- 

 Hst of North American Birds, 5th ed. Port 

 City Press, Baltimore. 



Anderson, W. 1942. Rediscovery of the Cape 

 Sable seaside sparrow in Collier County. Fla. 

 Nat. 16:12. 



Beecher, W. J. 1955. Late-Pleistocene isolation of 

 salt-marsh sparrows. Ecology 36:23-28. 



Dietrich, A. L. 1938. Observations of birds seen 

 in South Florida. Fla. Nat. 11:101. 



Eisenmann, E. (Chairman). 1973. Thirty-second 

 supplement to the American Ornithologist's 

 Union check-list of North American birds. 

 Auk 40:411-419. 



Griscom, L. 1944. A second revision of the sea- 

 side sparrows. La State Univ. Mus; Zool. 

 Occas. Paper 19:313-328. 



Holt, E. G., and G. M. Sutton. 1926. Notes on 

 birds observed in southern Florida. Ann. Car- 

 negie Mus. 16:409-439. 



Howell, A. H. 1919. Description oa a new seaside 

 sparrow from Florida. Auk 36:86-87. 



. 1932. Florida bird life. Coward-McCann, 



Inc., New York. 579 pp. 



MacKenzie, J. P. S. 1977. Birds in peril. Hough- 

 ton Mifflin Co., Boston. 191 pp. 



Nicholson, D. J. 1928. Nesting habits of seaside 

 sparrows in Florida. Wilson Bull. 40:225-237. 



