Pacific Ocean, northern Middle America (Guate- 

 mala - Salvin 1861), and the Gulf of Mexico, to 

 the coasts of Texas and Louisiana, arriving there 

 in early March (Greenway 1958); thence gradually 

 northward, primarily through the prairies of mid- 

 dle United States, to eastern South Dakota; thence 

 rather quickly to the breeding grounds, arriving 

 before the end of May (Bent 1929). There was 

 some accidental in-migration in Greenland, Ice- 

 land, Britain, the Falkland Islands, and north- 

 eastern Siberia (American Ornithologists' Union 

 1957). 



RANGE MAP 



A map of breeding and wintering areas and 

 migration routes is shown on the following page. 



STATES/COUNTIES 



Pennsylvania: Erie. 



South Dakota: Brown, Clay, Douglas, Hanlin, 

 Pennington, Yankton. 



Texas: Aransas, Bexar, Cameron, Cal- 



houn, Cooke, Galveston, Kendall, 

 Lampassas, Nueces, Pecos, San 

 Patricio, Victoria, Washington, 

 Wise, Young. 



Wisconsin: Dodge. 



HABITAT 



The Eskimo curlew nested on treeless Arctic 

 tundra, fed in open natural grassland and tundra, 

 burned prairies, meadows, pastures, plowed lands, 

 and intertidal zones during migration and on win- 

 tering grounds. Most of the time was spent in the 

 North American tundra and tall-grass prairie, and 

 the South American pampas (MacFarlane 1881; 

 Coues 1861, 1874; Cooke 1910; Swenk 1916; 

 Bent 1929; Greenway 1958). 



FOOD AND FORAGING BEHAVIOR 



The chief food in late summer on Arctic tun- 

 dra, including the migration staging area in Labra- 

 dor, was crowberry (Empetrum nigrum and blue- 

 berry Vaccinium sp.). (Audubon 1835; Coues 

 1861, 1874; Townsend 1907; Greenway 1958.) 

 A small species of snail abounding on rocks in 

 intertidal areas in southern Labrador was also 

 eaten extensively (Coues 1861). Ants were men- 

 tioned as food on tundra breeding areas (Swainson 

 and Richardson 1881, Bent 1929, Coues 1861). 

 Grasshoppers [Melanoplus sp.) and their egg cap- 

 sules or pods, obtained by probing in unplowed 

 prairie land, were important food on the spring 

 migration (Swenk 1916). On plowed land, they 

 fed on white grubs and cutworms (Swenk 1916). 

 Adult grasshoppers would not be available on the 

 prairies as early in spring as curlews were moving 

 through successive temperature zones on way 

 north (U.S. Entomological Commission 1877), so 

 only egg pods and emerging young grasshoppers 

 were present at that time. 



SHELTER REQUIREMENTS 



None known. 



NESTING OR BEDDING 



Nests are shallow depressions in the surface of 



