tinue to feed young until about the 35th day 

 (Miller 1931). 



Some birds raise two broods in one season. A 

 female whose mate was killed did not find a new 

 mate while feeding young older than 16 days 

 (Miller 1931). 



It is not certain whether the male seeks the 

 territory of the female or vice versa for breeding, 

 but probably the former (Miller 1931). 



Specific instances of finding nests with eggs 

 or young have been described by Bent (1950:182), 

 Linton (1908), and Howell (1917). 



MANAGEMENT 



The only practical action to take for the 

 benefit of the San Clemente loggerhead shrike 

 would be to remove or confine all of the livestock, 

 (particularly goats) on the island, to permit the 

 regrowth of dense patches of tall brush. This must 

 be accomplished over considerable areas to permit 

 adequate spacing of territories— at least 100 m 

 apart for each individual bird at all times of the 

 year. Replanting of native woody species of plants 

 in clumps for territorial headquarters would has- 

 ten rehabilitation. Until livestock can be removed, 

 exclosures to protect woody plants from over- 

 browsing might help. 



AUTHORITIES 



Robert M. Stewart 



William C. Clow 



Point Reyes Bird Observatory 



Box 321 



Bolinas, Calif. 94924 



Lee Jones 

 Dept. of Zoology 

 University of California 

 Los Angeles, Calif. 90024 



Jan Larson 



Naval Ocean Systems Center 

 Code 4105 

 SanDiego,CaHf. 92152 



PREPARER'S COMMENTS 



It would appear that the widespread destruc- 



tion of dense patches of tall brush spaced widely 

 enough to accomodate this shrike's aggressive ter- 

 ritorial behavior and requirements for nesting and 

 observation perches is the main reason for its 

 poor reproduction and evident decline. Correc- 

 tion of overbrowsing by livestock, particularly 

 goats, is the only hope for survival. 



LITERATURE CITED/SELECTED 

 REFERENCES 



American Ornithologists' Union. 1957. Check-list 

 of North American Birds, 5th Ed. Baltimore, 

 Md. Amer. Omith. Union. 



Bent, A. C. 1950. Life histories of North Ameri- 

 can wagtails, shrikes, vireos, and their allies. 

 U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 197:180-182. 



Grinnell, J. 1897. Report on the birds recorded 

 during a visit to the islands of Santa Barbara, 

 San Nicolas, and San Clemente, in the spring 

 of 1897. Pasadena Acad. Sci. Publ. 1:1-21. 



Grinnell, J. and A. H. Miller. 1944. The distribu- 

 tion of the birds of California. Pac. Coast Avi- 

 fauna 2 7 . 



Howell, A. B. 1917. Birds of the islands off the 

 coast of southern California. Pac. Coast Avi- 

 fauna 12:88. 



Linton, C. B. 1908. Notes from San Clemente 

 Island. Condor 10:82-86. 



Mearns, E. A. 1898. Description of two new birds 

 from the Santa Barbara Islands, Southern 

 CaUfornia. Auk 15:258-264. 



Miller, A. H. 1931. Systematic revision and natural 

 history of the American shrikes (Lanius). 

 Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 38:11-242. 



Raven, P. H. 1963. A flora of San Clemente 

 Island, California. Aliso 5:289-347. 



Ridgway, R. 1904. The Birds of North and Middle 

 America. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 50, pt. 3:252. 



Stewart, R. M. and W. C. Clow. 1974. Part I. San 

 Clemente Island, in The status of the Song 

 Sparrow and Bewick's Wren on San Clemente 

 Island and Santa Barbara Island, California, 

 by R. M. Stewart, J. Small, W. C. Clow and 

 R. P. Henderson. Report to Endangered 

 Species Off. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. by 

 Point Reyes Bird Observatory. 



