Moreno in Lamb (1957) found three ivory -bills in 

 the Sierra de Moa region east of Sierra del Crista]. 



RANGE MAP 



(Adapted from Tanner 1942, Dennis 1967, 

 Lamb 1957). 



STATES/COUNTIES: (from Tanner 1942) 



North Ciirolina: New Hanover. 



South Carolina: Chesterfield, Clarendon, Berk- 

 ley, Georgetown, Charlestown, 

 Barnwell, Allendale, Beaufort. 



Georgia: Tattnall, Pierce, Ware. 



Florida: Liberty, Gulf, Wakulla, Leon, 



Jefferson, Taylor, Dixie, Suwan- 

 nee, Levy, Baker, Clay, Alachua, 

 Putnam, Marion, Citrus, Sump- 

 ter, Volusia, Seminole, Her- 

 nando, Sumpter, Lake, Polk, 

 Orange, Osceola, Brevard, Pinel- 

 las, Clearwater, Hillsborough, 

 Manatee, Highlands, Okeecho- 

 bee, Desoto, Charlotte, Collier, 

 Lee. 



Mississippi: 



Alabama: 



Louisiana: 



Monroe, Clay, Hancock, Harri- 

 son, Jackson, Warren, Bolivar. 



Hale, Dallas, Wilcox, Pike, 

 Marengo. 



Morehouse Parish, West Carroll 

 Parish, East Carroll Parish, Mad- 

 ison Parish, Franklin Parish, 

 Tensas Parish, Concordia Parish, 

 West Feliciana Parish. St. Mar- 

 tin Parish, Iberville Parish, Iberia 

 Parish, Lafourch Parish. 



White. 



Stoddard. 



Fulton. 



Mississippi, Jackson, Poinsett, 

 Phillips. 



Atoka, Bryan. 



Cooke, Jasper, Harris, Brazoria. 



Illinois: 

 Missouri: 

 Kentucky: 

 Arkansas: 



Oklahoma: 



Texas: 



HABITAT 



C. p. principalis resides in swampy forests, es- 

 pecially the large bottomland river swamps of the 

 coastal plain and Mississippi Delta and the cypress 

 swamps of Florida. It was most abundant in the 

 lower bottoms of the Mississippi River, the rivers 

 of South Carolina and Georgia, and in Florida 



swamps and swampy hammocks. Habitats were 

 divided by Tanner (1942) into three main regional 

 types: (1) Bottomlands of the Mississippi Delta; 



(2) River bottoms outside the Mississippi Delta; 



(3) the Florida region. 



The Mississippi Delta, the alluvial flood plain 

 of the Mississippi River, stretches from the junc- 

 tion of the Ohio and Mississippi to the Gulf of 

 Mexico, and is from 64 to 130 km wide. Ivory- 

 biU distribution was evidently limited to the higher 

 parts of the "first bottoms," which were rarely 

 covered with water more than a few months of 

 the year. The soil is a moderately well-drained al- 

 luvial clay. The forest is a sweet gum-oak associa- 

 tion with dominant trees being sweet gum, bot- 

 tomland red oak and green ash. Associated with 

 them are willow oak, water oak, over cup oak, 

 American elm, cedar elm, hackberry, water 

 hickory, and pecan. Ivory-bills fed mostly upon 

 sweet gvim and bottomland red oak. 



The river bottoms outside the Mississippi 

 Delta are the floodplains of the larger rivers of the 

 southeastern United States, flowing either into 

 the Atlantic or Gulf of Mexico. The soil is alluvial 

 clay that is usually flooded annually. Ivory-bills 

 have been observed in those bottomlands in both 

 oak -sweet gum and cypress-tupelo forests but were 

 most common in oat-sweet gum. These habitats 

 differ from those of the Mississippi Delta primar- 

 ily in their smaller area, but also in the predomin- 

 ance of laurel oak and water oak. Dominant for- 

 est species on dryer sites of these bottoms are 

 sweet gum, laurel oak and water oak and associated 

 with their dominants are overcup oak, cow oak, 

 water hickory, green ash and American elm. West 

 of the Mississippi Delta in eastern Texas, the 

 sweet gum-oak association consists of sweet gum 

 and willow oak as dominants, with overcup oak, 

 water hickory, green ash, black gum and cedar 

 elm as important associates. Loblolly and long- 

 leaf pine woods border all of these river swamps, 

 but ivory -bills rarely feed in them. 



Ivors-bill habitats in the Florida region vary 

 considerably, although cypress is a dominant tree 

 in all of them, a condition not found in ivory-bill 

 habitat outside of the Florida region. Another dif- 

 ference is that ivory-bills in Florida, unUke else- 

 where, frequently feed in the pine woods 

 bordering the swamp. Many ivory-bills 

 are recorded in swamps along the small rivers of 

 central and southern Florida where the predomin- 

 ant trees are baldcypress, red maple, laurel oak, 

 black gum, with some sweet gum and cabbage 

 palmetto. Ivory-bills frequently nested in cypress 



