derson, Henry, Hickman, Hopkins, 

 Jackson, Jefferson, Jessamine, Knox, 

 Larue, Laurel, Lee, Leslie, Letcher, 

 Lincoln, Livingston, Logan, Lyon, 

 McCracken, McCreary, McLean, Madi- 

 son, Magoffin, Marion, Marshall, 

 Meade, Menifee, Mercer, Metcalfe, 

 Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Muh- 

 lenberg, Nelson, Nicholas, Ohio, Old- 

 ham, Owen, Owsley, Perry, Powell, 

 Pulaski, Rockcastle, Rowan, Russell, 

 Scott, Shelby, Simpson, Spencer, Tay- 

 lor, Todd, Trigg, Union, Warren, 

 Washington, Wayne, Webster, Whitley, 

 Wolfe, Woodford. 



Mississippi: Tishomingo. 



Missouri: Audrain, Barry, Barton, Benton, Bol- 

 linger, Boone, Butler, Callaway, Cam- 

 den, Carter, Cedar, Christian, Cole, 

 Cooper, Crawford, Dade, Dallas, Dent, 

 Douglas, Franklin, Gasconade, Greene, 

 Hickory, Howard, Howell, Iron, Jas- 

 per, Jefferson, Laclede, Lawrence, 

 Lincoln, McDonald, Madison, Maries, 

 Marion, Miller, Moniteau, Monroe, 

 Montgomery, Morgan, Newton, Ore- 

 gon, Osage, Ozark, Perry, Pettis, 

 Phelps, Pike, Polk, Pulaski, Ralls, Ran- 

 dolph, Reynolds, Ripley, St. Charles, 

 St. Claire, St. Francois, Ste. Genevieve, 

 St. Louis, St. Louis City, Saline, Shan- 

 non, Stone, Taney, Texas, Warren, 

 Washington, Wayne, Webster, Wright. 



North 



Carolina: Avery, Buncombe, Cherokee, Clay, 

 Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, 

 Madison, McDowell, Mitchell, Swain, 

 Yancey. 



Oklahoma: Adair, Alfalfa, Cherokee, Craig, Creek, 

 Delaware, Garfield, Grant, Haskel, 

 Hughes, Kay, Kingfisher, LeFlore, 

 Lincoln, Logan, Mcintosh, Major, 

 Mayes, Muskogie, Noble, Nowata, Ok- 

 fuskee, Oklahoma, Okmulgee, Osage, 

 Ottawa, Pawnee, Payne, Pittsburg, 

 Pottawatomie, Seminole, Sequoyah, 

 Rogers, Wagoner, Woods. 



Tennessee: Anderson, Bedford, Benton, Bledsoe, 

 Blount, Bradley, Campbell, Cannon, 

 Carroll, Cheatham, Chester, Claiborne, 

 Clay, Cocke, Coffee, Crockett, Cum- 

 berland, Davidson, Decatur, DeKalb, 

 Dickson, Dyer, Fayette, Fentress, 



Franklin, Gibson, Giles, Grainger, 

 Greene, Grundy, Hamblen, Hamilton, 

 Hancock, Hardeman, Hardin, Hawkins, 

 Haywood, Henderson, Henry, Hick- 

 man, Houston, Humphreys, Jackson, 

 Jefferson, Knox, Lake, Lauderdale, 

 Lawrence, Lewis, Lincoln, Loudon, 

 McMinn, McNairy, Macon, Madison, 

 Marion, Marshall, Maury," Meigs, Mon- 

 roe, Montgomery, Moore, Morgan, 

 Obion, Overton, Perry, Pickett, Polk, 

 Putnam, Rhea, Roane, Robertson, Ru- 

 therford, Scott, Sequatchie, Sevier, 

 Shelby, Smith, Stewart, Sumner, 

 Tipton, Trousdale, Union, Van Buren, 

 Warren, Wayne, Weakley, White, 

 Williamson, Wilson. 



Virginia: Lee, Scott, Wise. 



HABITAT 



In summer, this migratory species inhabits 

 areas in which open water and the banks of 

 streams, lakes, or reservoirs are within manageable 

 distances of roosting sites and suitable caves in 

 which to rear young (LaVal et al. 1976, 1977; 

 Tutde 1976a). In winter, it inhabits caves having 

 suitable temperatures for its hibernation. 



FOOD AND FORAGING BEHAVIOR 



Major food items consist of aquatic and non- 

 aquatic soft-bodied insects (R. LaVal personal 

 communication), especially Mayflies (Ephemerop- 

 tera) (Tuttle 1979). 



Gray bats fly directy from cave to feeding site 

 with few stops. They feed by continuous pursuits, 

 remaining in the air most of the time. Most forag- 

 ing is done over lakes and rivers where aquatic in- 

 sects are abundant (Tuttle 1976a, 1979). LaVal et 

 al. (1976, 1977) found foraging taking place 

 along the vegetated edges of bodies of water. 



SHELTER REQUIREMENTS 



In winter, the species requires deep, cold 

 caves (preferrably 6° to 9° C) for hibernation. 

 These caves average 10° below the mean annual 

 surface temperature, and function as cold-air 

 traps, having multiple entrances and good air 

 flow (Tuttle and Stevenson 1979). The caves are 

 already cold in September when the bats arrive 

 (M. Tuttle personal communication). 



