Rivers, Arizona, and also in Animas Mts., New 

 Mexico (Phillips et al. 1964;Wetmore 1935; Bent 

 1940; Smith 1907; Vorhies 1934; Bailey 1928). 

 The most recent U.S. record in Animas Mts. New 

 Mexico was in the fall of 1964 (Charles Hanson, 

 pers. comm. 1977). They also wandered eastward 

 from the breeding area to Ciudad Chihuahua 

 (Bent 1940), and possibly to San Antonio de las 

 Alazanas, Coahuila (Ely 1962). Long movements 

 from the breeding area southward and southeast- 

 ward to Volcanesde Colima, Jalisco (Schnell et al. 

 1974), Cerro de Tancitaro, Michoacan (Blake and 

 Hanson 1942), Mt. Popocatapetl, State of Mexico 

 (Bent 1940), and Perote and Jalapa, Vera Cruz 

 (Bent 1940). At present, the entire range is evi- 

 dently much restricted. 



R. p. terrisi is assumed to have bred formerly 

 in high coniferous forests of the Sierra Madre 

 Oriental, from southeastern Coahuila north to 

 west of Saltillo (Irby Davis, pers. comm.). It now 

 breeds east of San Antonio de las Alazanas south 

 of Saltillo (Ely 1962), and from Sierra Zapaliname 

 in the Guadalupe Range (Burleigh and Lowery 

 1942) through southern Nuevo Leon and Cerro 

 Potosi (Moore 1947) ; south to Sierra de Guatemala 

 in the Gomez Farias region, Tamaulipas (Ridgley 

 WWF Report); and La Joya de Salas, 65 mi. (105 

 km) south southwest of Victoria, Tamaulipas 

 (Robins and Heed 1951). Altitudes of observation 

 ranged from 1,829 to 3,658 m (Moore 1947; Ely 

 1962; Lanning & Lawson pers. comm.). There is 

 no evidence of terrisi wandering extensively, as 

 R. p. pachyrhyncha did. 



RANGE MAP 



Shown on next page. 



STATES/COUNTIES 



Arizona: Cochise, Graham, Pima, Pinal, 



Santa Cruz, Yavapai. 



New Mexico: Hidalgo. 



HABITAT 



Mature pine-oak, pine, and fir forests are pre- 

 ferred habitat, in that order with increasing alti- 

 tude, 1,219 to 3,658 m in mountains. The species 

 is found in locations varying from plateau-like 

 tops of mountains with open pine or pine-oak 

 woodland and large trees and grass below (Mon- 

 son 1965; Marshall 1957), to pine and fir forests 

 below high cliffs or rimrock outcrops that are 



used by the parrots for roosting and nesting. They 

 are assumed to require either large dead tree 

 stumps or high cliffs with holes for nesting. 



They have been observed most frequently 

 in stands of mature pine at median altitudes. 

 Chihuahua Pine {Pinus chihuahuana) appears 

 to be the most common species in occupied 

 habitats although a number of pine and oak 

 species are utilized. 



FOOD AND FORAGING 



Pine seeds are by far the most important food. 

 Seeds of both large forest pines and the smaller 

 lower altitude pinons are eaten, along with some 

 acorns (Ridgley WWF Report; Lanning & Lawson, 

 pers. comm.; Ely 1962, Lusk 1900, Wetmore 

 1935; Leopold 1937). Other foods eaten occa- 

 sionally are terminal buds of Chihuahua and Lum- 

 holtz Pines, at 8,200 ft (2,499 m) in Barranca de 

 Cobre, Chihuahua, 13 to 21 May (Stager 1954); 

 fruit of a cherry (Prunus copuli) and seeds of an 

 unidentified legume at Cerro de Tancitaro, Michoa- 

 can (Blake and Hanson 1942); and juice or nectar 

 of agave flowers in southeastern Coahuila (Ely 

 1962, Lanning & Lawson pers. comm.). Captive 

 birds at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum re- 

 mained healthy on standard zoo parrot food, but 

 did not breed unless fed pinon seeds (Charles 

 Hanson pers. comm. 1977). 



The method of feeding on pine seeds was to 

 snip off a cone with the bill and support it with 

 a foot while extracting individual seeds with the 

 bill (Ridgley WWF Report), or to pull bracts from 

 the cone and extract seeds while the cone was still 

 on the tree (Lanning & Lawson pers. comm.). 

 Seeds were even extracted from immature green 

 cones. Bills and breast feathers were found smeared 

 with pitch (Wetmore 1935, Lusk 1900). Acorns 

 were used in the Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, through 

 fall and winter after the pine seed crop was ex- 

 hausted (Wetmore 1935, Leopold 1937). Parrots 

 go to rivers or waterfalls to drink toward evening 

 before going to roost (Wetmore 1935, Marshall 

 1957). They have been seen "eating" snow and 

 ice on Cerro Potosi in 1977 (P. T. Moore to Lan- 

 ning and Lawson pers. comm.). 



SHELTER REQUIREMENT 



Cavities high up either in dead trees or in 

 cliffs are used for roosting and nesting (Thayer 

 1906, Bergtold 1906, Stager 1954, Lanning and 



