42 THALAMIFLOR^. 



Calycine sepals ferruginous, pubescent, deciduous ; a tubercle 

 at tlie base of each sepal, persistent, large, roundish, coriaceous, 

 green isii. Petals larger than the sepals. Filaments numerous, 

 yellow at the base, purplish towards the apex. Ovary ovate, 

 covered with setules : style length of the stamens, incurvated 

 and compressed towards the stigma: stigma 2-lipped. 



The variety of this species known as B. alba, has recently 

 been introduced, and is cultivated in some of our gardens. It 

 is distinguished by the leaves being more attenuated at the apex, 

 the flowers being nearly white, and the capsule more elongated. 



It is from the pulp, which covers the seeds of this tree, that 

 the substance known by the names of Aniotta or Amiotta in 

 England, and Roucou in France is procured. It is collected by 

 pouring boiling water, on the seeds, in any convenient vessel ; 

 after stirring the whole, the water, with the farina suspended in 

 it, is poured off; and this is repeated till the naked seeds are 

 left. The water, after allowing it to stand for some time, is 

 then to be poured off clear, leaving the Artiotta which has set- 

 tled at the bottom. The addition of an acid is said to hasten 

 the process. The sediment is afterwards to be placed in shal- 

 low vessels and dried by evaporation in the shade. When it 

 has acquired a proper consistence, it is to be made into cakes or 

 balls : after which it is to be thoroughly dried till hard, when it 

 is in a fit state to be sent to market. 



Arnotto is of a resinous nature, and dissolves more completely 

 in alcohol than in water. When pi-epared for market, it is mo- 

 derately hard, of a brown colour externally, and dull red with- 

 in. It is occasionally imported in cakes of 2 or 3 pounds 

 weight, of the consistence of paste, wrapped up in large flag 

 leaves, and packed in casks. The roll Artiotto is much harder, 

 and of a very superior quality, containing a larger proportion 

 of the colouring matter. It was formerly employed, in dyeing 

 silk, to produce the colour called Aurora. As the addition of 

 an alkali increases its solubility, it is the practice, when used in 

 dyeing, to mix it with at least its own weight of potash. It is 

 now however but seldom employed as a dye in Great Britain.* 

 The Indians mix it with oil, or with lime-juice and a gum, to 

 make the crimson paint with which they anoint their bodies, not 

 so much for the purpose of ornament, as to 2)rotect them from 

 the attacks of insects. It is said to be esteemed by painters as a 

 colour. In Gloucestershire it is employed under the name of 

 cheese colouring, to give a yellowash-orange tint to cheese; and 

 in Holland, to butter. It has never had any great character 

 as a medicine. It is a gentle purgative, and a light stomachic : 

 it has been employed in dysentery, and as an antidote for the 

 bitter Cassada. The Spaniards use it in their chocolate and 



* The liquid sold under the name of Hcott's Nankhi dye, is nothing but a 



solution of Arnotto am! potash in water. 



