118 THE PLANT WORLD. 



16. Cladophylla means branch-leaves. This refers to the broaden- 

 ing of a branch and becoming leaf-like in form. The flower is born 



upon the surface of the leaf-like branch. 



17. An umbel is a group of axillary flowers -which have their 

 peduncles rising from the same place and so lengthened as to cause each 

 flower to be level and formed into a circle. 



18. A cyme is a bunch of terminal flowers. From the terminus 

 of the plant the flowers branch out and form a spherical shaped group 

 of flowers, of which the oldest are in the center. 



19. A symmetrical flower is one which has its parts in equal num- 

 bers or multiples of the number. 



20. Dioecious is used when the male and female flowers are born 

 on different plants of the same species. 



21. Adnation is the union of unlike parts of a flower. 



22. Stamens are perigynous where they are around the pistil and 

 are born upon the calyx. 



23. Diadelphous means two brotherhoods. It refers to the 

 stamens when they are joined into two groups. 



24. When an anther is fastened to the filament at about the center 

 thus allowing it to move easily it is said to be versatile. 



25. A compound pistil is one which has more than one set of 

 ovules. 



26. An aggregate fruit is one composed of several flowers joined 

 together to form one fruit. 



31. f Phyllotoxy means that the ninth leaf is over the first, that 

 it takes 8 before one is met which is directly over the one begun with, 

 also that the leaves encircle the stem three times. 



32. Flowers are altered branches because they are borne in the 

 same place as branches. The sepals are like leaves in color and shape. 

 The petals are like leaves in shape. Some plants show the transition 

 between sepals and petals. Others show the transition between sta- 

 mens and petals, and still others between pistils and petals. The dif- 

 ferent parts of the flower are borne on the torus or receptacle in the 

 same way as the leaves are borne on the stems or branches. 



33. Flowers are cross fertilized by having the pollen carried by 

 the wind or by insects. Some have long stamens and short pistils 

 while others have long pistils and short stamens so as to facilitate the 

 carrying of pollen. 



34. Chlorophyll breaks up the carbonic acid gas which the plant 



