TBE PLANT WORLD. 169 



missible force in the emljryo of its seed, and are transmitted therefrom to 

 various points of special activity in the new plant to which the seed gives 

 origin. In the case of those varieties of fruit which may be perpet- 

 uated only hy the subdivision of the plant, the improved fruit characters 

 of each as unquestionably do not reside in the embryo but in certain 

 parts of the growing })lant, and these must be transmitted to new plants 

 by means of the sul>division of those already matured. In the former 

 case the plants specially referred to are annuals, and the gardener who 

 wishes to perpetuate their varieties needs therefore to concern himself 

 only to secure their proper fertilization from other plants of the same 

 variety. The fi'uit grower, however, need not concern himself at all 

 about the fertilization of the seeds of his fruits unless he wishes to 

 produce new varieties frt)m them. His phmts are of the kind whose 

 fruit characters do not reside in the seeds, but e.xist with special vitality 

 in the buds of the plant and potentially, or latently, in the growing 

 parts of its stem and branches. The fruit characters also reside latently 

 in the root if the variety be represented by a directly rooted plant, 

 and not by a grafted scion. 



The determinate location in the pUmt of its varietal fruit characters 

 as they have just been indicated, may be demonstrated by the process of 

 grafting. A scion taken from a plant of an established variety and intro- 

 duced into an uncultivated stock bears fruit true to that variety and 

 not to the ^rafted stock. Therefore the fruit -characters are located 

 within the scion. If the grafting be done by the process known as 

 buddino- when a siniyle bud onlv is introduced into the uncultivated 

 stock, the resulting branch is equally true to the fruit characters of the 

 [)lant from which the bud was taken. Therefore the fruit-characters 

 are located in the bud. 80 much we may reoard as demonstrated 

 and we may theoretically assume that the fruit-characters in (juestion 

 actively exist with dominant vitality in the apical cell of the bud, are 

 in fact, in the nucleus of that cell, just as, in other eases, the}' exist in 

 the oferm cell, and its nucleus, in the the earliest stao;e of the forming 

 emljryo. 



The statement that scions of any gi\ en vaiicty when grafted upon 

 the stock of another kind ;ire always line to their own \ariety while 

 genei-ally eoirect. nemls a slight moditication because the food-sap elal)- 

 orated l)y the stock plant and suj (plied lo tiie scion sometimes produces 

 certain physiological ejects u})on the latter, especially if the ditierence 

 between the scion and stock is considerable. A marked example of 



