114 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. 



tion of effort, simply in reply to moral demand; able to do whatever 

 is right and advantageous, because his reason shows that it is so. The 

 sense of duty is to such a free man the only stimulus demanded for 

 calling forth his uttermost energies." 



. To obviate the evils attendant upon the continual use of tea 

 and coffee Count Rumford made a suggestion many decades 

 ago which is being practically embodied today in the manu- 

 facture of a substitute therefor. He gave these directions for 

 the preparation of the substitute: 1 Take eight parts by weight 

 of meal and one part of butter. Melt the butter in a clean 

 iron frying pan ; and when thus melted, sprinkle the meal into 

 it. Stir the whole briskly with a broad wooden spoon or spat- 

 ula until the butter has disappeared aud the meal is of a uni- 

 form brown color like roasted coffee, great care being taken to 

 prevent burning on the bottom of the pan. A small portion 

 of this composition was then to be placed in boiling water and 

 an infusion obtained in the same way as in the case of tea or 

 kindred beverages. This would answer one purpose, if none 

 other, for which many people imbibe tea and coffee, that they 

 may have a warm drink while partaking of solid food. Rum- 

 ford's substitute has been much improved upon in our own day 

 in the manufacture of cereal coffees which are in some instances 

 at any rate alike palatable and nutritious. It would certainly 

 be of advantage to a student in the economy of his energies 

 and his purse if he should reduce the quantity of his tea and 

 coffee, replacing it in whole, or at least in part, by Count Rum- 

 ford's substitute, or some other modern version of the same. 

 It perhaps should be said that one who has acquired great 

 fondness for the stouter drinks will. not at the beginning find 

 the substitute quite so agreeable to the palate because not so 

 stimulating; but I have been able to observe a trial made in 

 a boarding house in our own city where in several cases the 

 use of the substitute for a few days served to make it thoroughly 

 acceptable, and even replaced the older beverages in the novices , 

 favor. 



1 Williams, op. cit, p. 245. 



