XVI 



CONTENTS. 



the "Western Coast of Patagonia, 549. 

 Density of the Forest, 549. An Anchor 

 Broken, 550. Fuegians, 550. Wild 

 Geese at Elizabeth Island, 551. 

 Kitchen Middens, 552. The Falkland 

 Islands, 553. Visit to Port Darwin, 

 553. Scotchmen turned Gauchos, 554. 

 Chapinas and Tropijes, 554. Wild 

 Horses and their Habits, 555. Various 

 Modes of Handling Cattle in Different 

 Parts of the World, 557. Goose-Bolas 

 made of Knuckle Bones, 558. Flies and 

 Gnats with Eudimentary Wings, 558. 

 Skeleton of Ziphioid Whale, 559. 

 Fuegian Arrow-heads Scattered in the 

 Islands, 560. Habits of Jackass Pen- 

 guin, 560. Ascension Island, 561. 

 Land Crabs, 561. The Hatching of 

 Turtles' Eggs, 561. Shooting at Fly- 

 ing Fish, 562. Birds at Boatswain 

 Bird Island, 563. 



CHAPTEE XXII. 



LIFE ON THE OCEAN SUEFACE 

 AND IN THE DEEP SEA. ZOO- 

 LOGY AND BOTANY OF THE 

 SHIP. CONCLUSION. 



Plants of the Ocean Surface, 566. Fauna 

 of the Sargasso Sea, 567. Protective 

 Colouring of Pelagic Animals, 568. 

 Variety of Pelagic Animals, 569. 

 Flight of the Albatross, 569. Flight 

 of Flying Fish, 570. A Pelagic Insect, 

 571. Pelagonemertes described, 572. 

 Phosphorescence of Pelagic Animals, 

 574. Giant Pyrosoma, 574. Uncer- 



tainty as to Eange in Depth of Pelagic 

 Animals, 575. The Depth of the 

 Oceans and Depressions on the Earth's 

 Surface, 576. Deep-Sea Dredging, 578. 

 Vast Pressure existing in the Deep 

 Sea, 579. Experiment showing this 

 made by Mr. Buchanan, 579. Condi- 

 tions under which Life Exists in the 

 Deep Sea, 580. Eange of Plants in 

 Depth, 581. Food of Deep-Sea Ani- 

 mals, 581. Experiment on Eate of 

 Sinking of a Salpa, 582. Vegetable 

 and Animal Debris Dredged from 

 Great Depths, 583. The Deep Sea, a 

 High Eoad for Distribution of Animals, 

 583. Deep-Sea Faunas and Alpine 

 Floras Compared, 585. Nature of 

 Deep-Sea Fauna a source of Disap- 

 pointment, 586. Kemarkable Deep- 

 Sea Ascidian, 587. Localities specially 

 Eich in Deep-Sea Forms, 589. Eela- 

 tions of Deep-Sea Animals to One 

 Another, 590. Phosphorescent Light 

 in the Deep-Sea, 590. Colours of 

 Deep-Sea Animals, 591. Cockroaches, 

 Moths, Mosquitos, House-flies, Cric- 

 kets, Centipedes and Eats on board the 

 " Challenger," 592. Plants on board 

 the Ship, 594. Pet Parrot, Casso- 

 wary, Ostriches, Tortoises, Spiders, 

 Fur Seal, and Goat on Board, 594. 

 Adaptation to Sea Life, 596. Sinall- 

 ness of the Earth's Surface, 597. Slow 

 Eate of Travelling, 597. Man and 

 possibly Protoplasm existent on the 

 Earth alone, 598. Necessity for im- 

 mediate Scientific Investigation of 

 Oceanic Islands, 599. 



List of Books and Papers relating to the " Challenger " 



Expedition, 601-606. 



General Index. 



LIST OF COLOUEED PLATES. 



Antarctic Icebergs, to face Title-page. 



View of Pack Ice from Foretop, to face page 248. 



Track Chart, with Contour of the bottom of the Ocean, to be inserted at 

 the end of the book. 



