THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 409 



heat and glare of the sun, yet another species, Cerianthust bathy- 

 metricus* differing from it in hardly any particular, except that 

 it is of much smaller size, inhabits the deep sea at a depth of 

 three miles, in almost absolute or entire darkness, at a tempera- 

 ture near freezing point, and where the water is at a pressure of 

 roughly, three tons to the square inch. 



Camiguin Island, January 26th, 1815. — Camiguin Island lies 



about 80 miles to the eastward of Cebu Island. "In July 1871 

 a volcanic eruption of two months' duration took place in the 

 island, and threw up a hill two-thirds of a mile long, and 450 

 feet in height, destroying the surrounding vegetation and village 

 of Catarman."t A visit was paid to the island in order to see 

 this volcano. 



The volcano, a dome-shaped mass standing on the sea-shore, 

 was still red and glowing in cracks at the summit, and smoke 

 was ascending from it. There appeared to be no crater, and 

 Mr. Buchanan, with whom I landed, drew my attention to the 

 fact that the lava of which it was composed was entirely tra- 

 chytic. It recalled in form at once, some of the smaller trachytic 

 domes of the Puy de Dome district, in the Auvergne, concerning 

 the mode of formation of which there has been much doubt. 



The mass in this case appeared never to have had any crater. 

 It rose with steep walls directly from the soil formerly covered 

 with vegetation, which it had destroyed. It appeared as if the 

 trachytic lava had issued from a central cavity, and boiled over 

 as it were, till it set into the form of the dome. 



The ground around the crater was still almost bare of vege- 

 tation, but some plants were beginning to colonize the denuded 

 soil, strongly impregnated as it was with various volcanic 

 chemical products. Three species of ferns, as first colonists, grew 

 as isolated plants here and there : and along the courses of two 

 small streams fed by hot springs, issuing from the base of the 

 volcano, where the poisoned ground was constantly washed, 



* H. N. Moseley, "On New Forms of Actiniaria dredged in the Deep 

 Sea." Trans. Linn. Soc, 2nd Ser,, Vol. L. p- 302. 



t " Information received from Francis G.Gray of H.M.S. 'Nassau,' 

 Navigating Lieut." Hydrographic Notice, No. 8, 1872, Eyre and Spottis- 

 woode. 



