NEW GUINEA. 441 



outer sides of their thighs with their extended palms. Refusal 

 of barter or negation was combined with an expression of 

 disgust, or rather the two ideas are not apparently separated ; 

 the refusal was expressed by an extreme pouting of the lips, 

 accompanied by an expiratory sniff from the nostrils. 



The forehead muscles were very little used in expression, 

 though they were slighly knitted in astonishment. In laughing, 

 the corners of the mouth were excessively drawn back, so that 

 four or five deep folds were formed round the angles of the 

 mouth, the head was lolled back, the mouth opened wide, and 

 the whole of the upper teeth uncovered ; the whole expression 

 was most ape-like. 



I started with a party in a fully armed boat with the intent 

 of landing. As we approached the shore, a native warrior 

 approached, standing as usual on the platform of a small canoe 

 paddled by two boys sitting in the bow and stern ; the man 

 held up a yam and made signs that he wished to barter ; we 

 halted and made signs of refusal ; he then took up one of his 

 arrows, and holding the point to his neck just above the collar 

 bone, made signs of forcing it into his body, and then throwing 

 back his arms and head, and turning up his eyes, pretended to 

 fall backwards by a series of jerks, in imitation of death ; then 

 he caught hold of the yam again and proffered it a second time, 

 and on renewed refusal, went through the imaginary killing 

 process again. 



We began to move toward shore, when the man ran to the end 

 of the canoe nearest the boat, and fitting an arrow against the 

 string of his bow, drew the bow with his full strength and 

 pointed the arrow full at me ; I was standing up at the time 

 with a loaded double-barrelled gun in the stern of the boat. 



As he drew the bow he contorted his face into the most 

 hideous expression of rage, with his teeth clenched and exposed, 

 and eyes starting. This expression was evidently assumed to 

 terrify us as an habitual part of the fight, and not because the 

 man was in reality in a rage. In Chinese and Japanese battle- 

 scenes, or hunting-scenes in which attacks upon large animals 

 are depicted, the faces of the combatants are usually represented 

 as horribly contorted with rage. No doubt the grimace is 



