I io Harshberzer. — Maize : 



.v 



are the Yumas proper, Maricopas and Mohaves. The 

 Yumas, Maricopas and Mohaves were long acquainted with 

 agriculture, and grew corn, using a pointed stick in planting 

 it. 1 



The Athapascan race, spreading over a vast territory in the 

 north and south, were a warlike people and the main agents 

 in destroying the civilization on the Gila and its affluents. 

 Intellectually they were below the average. The Apaches 

 were redoubted warriors, non-productive, subsisting wholly by 

 plunder and the chase. They lived entirely by hunting. 2 The 

 Navajos were the most highly cultured, yet it turns out that 

 their culture was due to captured members of more gifted 

 tribes. "Agriculture was not practiced, either in the north 

 or south, the only exception being the Navajos, and with them 

 the inspiration came from other stocks." 3 The best blanket- 

 makers, smiths and other artisans among the Navajos were 

 descendants of captives from Zuni and other pueblos. 4 The 

 Apaches and Navajos were the principal tribes. 



The Shoshonean family was wide-spread and extended 

 from the Columbia River in the north to Nicaragua in the 

 south. Buschmann and Brinton consider the Nahuatl races 

 related to the Shoshones of the Bureau of Ethnology, 5 and I 

 am inclined to follow their lead in this matter. The tribes of 

 this stock present the greatest diversity of traits. The 

 Nahuas were highly cultured in comparison with the other 

 nations about them, yet they belonged essentially to the same 

 race as the poor root-digger Ute, with the lowest type of 

 skull on the continent. 6 Living on the arid plains of the 

 interior, the Utes had been for generations half starved. 

 They were not agricultural; but lived on fish and wild seeds. 

 Indeed, the Ute branch, including the Comanches, with the 



1 Emory, Rep. U. S and Mex. Bound. Surv., I, 112; Indian Office Report, Special 

 Com., 1867, 337; Merriwether, Ind. Off Rep., 1854,172; American Race, 109; American 

 Antiquarian, vm.276. 



2 Delgado, Ind. Off. Rep., 1S60, 1864. 



3 Brinton, American Race, 71. 



* Bourke, John G., Journ. Amer Folk Lore, 1890, 115; Bandelier, A. F., Indians 

 S. W. United States, Boston, 1890, 175. 



5 Powell, Bureau of Ethnology Rep , 1885-86. 

 c Virchow, Crania Ethnica Americana. 



